Childhood is regarded as a highly crucial developmental stage for humans, whereby it is believed to be the most appropriate time to administer important interventions for the purpose of improving the holistic wellness of individuals. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Adlerian Group Play Therapy in improving the holistic wellness of neglected children. The study design was quasi experimental which was performed by measuring the preand post-test wellness scores for the control and interventional groups. A total of 83 children between the age of 10 and 12 years were purposively selected from the children's homes. In this case, only a total of 66 children were included as the participants of this study after the initial administration of the Five Factor Wellness Inventory -Elementary School Age version (FFWEL-E) as they managed to score less than one standard deviation which was below the mean. Meanwhile, paired random sampling was carried out to equally divide them into the control and treatment groups with 33 participants each. In addition, all participants of the treatment group were further divided into eleven small groups of three to enable the conduct of nine weekly counseling sessions in total that lasted 90 minutes each. The data of this study was evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings showed significant differences between the pre and post-test wellness scores of the control and treatment groups [F (1, 64) = 78.942, p < .01, α = .00]. On top of that, the mean post-test score of the treatment group was significantly increased compared to the control group. Overall, it can be concluded that the Adlerian Group Play Therapy is suitable to be incorporated into counseling sessions involving children considering that this therapy can effectively improve the holistic wellness of neglected children.
This study is based on experimental design by making a comparison between control group and experimental group based on the pre and post test results. The objectives of the study are to identify the effect of sandtray therapy towards the improvement of the five self-esteem variables: general, social, family, academic, and lie. The subjects of the study were children aged 11 years old (n = 32) in Malaysia. The subjects were divided into two groups namely the sandtray group (n = 16) for the experimental group, who received sandtray therapy compared to control group (n = 16) who did not receive the treatment. The self-esteem inventory test will be drawn from Coopersmith (1967). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, Manova Recurrent Measurement, pre-test and post-test. The results of the Pillai Trace multivariate test showed that the main effects of the main variables of the post-test were F (5, 11) = 41.372, p <.05. Results from the Sphericity Assumed on table 1.6 below, pretest and posttest of general self-esteem shows F (1, 15) = 49.853 α<.05. The results towards the social self-esteem shows F (1, 15) = 63.646 α<.05, to the parental self-esteem F (1, 15) = 82.924 α<.05, to the academic self-esteem F (1, 15) = 80.071 α<.05, and to lie self-esteem F (1, 15) = .732 α>.05.The findings of this study specify that Sandtray therapy is a valuable therapeutic intervention to enhance the child's self-esteem. Several recommendations were presented to parents, teachers, school administrators and Ministry of Education Malaysia were discussed in promoting children's wellbeing.
Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menilai kesan modul intervensi kaunseling berasaskan terapi bermain Adlerian (i-Capt) terhadap kesejahteraan kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Inventori Five Factor Wellness-elementary version (5FWEL-E) telah digunakan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesejahteraan kanak-kanak berdasarkan lima dimensi iaitu kendiri asas, kendiri sosial, kendiri kreatif, kendiri fizikal dan kendiri daya tindak. Soal selidik 5FWEL-E telah diedarkan kepada 83 orang kanak-kanak berumur 10 hingga 12 tahun di institusi perlindungan kanak-kanak. Seramai 66 orang kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian mempunyai skor min tahap kesejahteraan rendah dan sederhana telah dipilih untuk kajian eksperimen. Kanak-kanak ini, kemudiannya dibahagikan kepada 33 orang untuk kumpulan eksperimen yang menerima rawatan modul dan 33 orang kumpulan kawalan yang tidak menerima rawatan modul. Dapatan kajian mendapati kanak-kanak yang mengikuti rawatan modul menunjukkan tahap kesejahteraan meningkat berbanding kanak-kanak dari kumpulan kawalan. Implikasi dapatan kajian ini dapat memberi sumbangan kepada kaunselor-kaunselor di sekolah, institusi perlindungan dan komuniti menggunakan modul i-Capt untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan kendiri kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian. Dapatan kajian ini tidak dapat digeneralisaikan pada seluruh populasi kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian kerana bilangan sampel yang kecil dan hanya sesuai untuk kajian eksperimen. Cadangan kajian pada masa akan datang adalah melaksanakan kajian kes bagi meneroka kehidupan sebenar kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian. Kata kunci: Kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian, lima faktor kesejahteraan kendiri holistik, pendekatan Terapi Bermain
This study is based on experimental design by making a comparison between control group and experimental group based on the pre and post test results. The objectives of the study is to identify the effect of sandtray therapy towards the improvement of the five self-esteem variables: general, social, family, academic, and lie. The subjects of the study were children aged 11 years old (n = 32) in Malaysia. The subjects were divided into two groups namely the sandtray group (n = 16) for the experimental group, who received sandtray therapy compared to control group (n = 16) who did not receive the treatment. The self-esteem inventory test will be drawn from Coopersmith (1967). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22, Manova Recurrent Measurement, pre-test and post-test. The results of the Pillai Trace multivariate test showed that the main effects of the main variables of the post-test were F (5, 11) = 41.372, p <.05. Results from the Sphericity Assumed on table 1.6 below, pretest and posttest of general self-esteem shows F (1, 15) = 49.853 α<.05. The results towards the social self-esteem shows F (1, 15) = 63.646 α<.05, to the parental self-esteem F (1, 15) = 82.924 α<.05, to the academic self-esteem F (1, 15) = 80.071 α<.05, and to lie self-esteem F (1, 15) = .732 α>.05.The findings of this study specify that sandtray therapy is a valuable therapeutic intervention to enhance the child’s self-esteem. Several recommendations were presented to parents, teachers, school administrators and Ministry of Education Malaysia were discussed in promoting children’s wellbeing. Keywords: sandtray therapy, group counseling, children, self-esteem
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