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We investigate the usability of constraint-based alignment and distribution placement tools in diagram editors. Currently one-way constraints are used to provide alignment and distribution tools in many commercial editors. We believe the limitations of these constraints lead to serious usability issues, and thus suggest that such tools be implemented using multi-way constraints. We have conducted two usability studies, the first studies we are aware of that examine the relative usefulness of interactive graphical tools based on one-way and multi-way constraints. They provide strong evidence that multi-way constraint-based alignment and distribution tools are more usable than one-way constraint-based alignment and distribution tools.

No abstract

Significance bills itself as “a magazine about statistics and data science, written by experts for everyone”. But too few of its featured experts are women, as an analysis by Karen Lamb, Jessica Kasza, Sophie Calabretto, Rushani Wijesuriya and Linda McIver shows

This paper describes a portable plaintext markup kmguage and associated processing system called DEIVKJN("Distance Education Mark-Up Notation"). Wng DEh!lUN and a basic text editor, a course designer can create lessons, associated exercises (and solutions), assignments, sample exams, and support materials (biblio~mphies, glossaries, "fkquently asked questions" lists), and have them automatically structured and cross-referenced into a coherent collection of hyperl.inked WWW pages. ?-Mike HTIvlL and XI@+ the DEh4TJN mark-up notation reflects course design concepts (rather than presentation layout concepts). DEMUN also provides some support for interactive assessment.n Im.trdhmtbn DEh'KJN is a mark-up and processing system designed to assist in and prtially automate the creation of a collection of hyperlinked WWW pages containing course material. It was Ori=tially designed for creating Information Technology courses, but is sufficiently general 10be applicable to many other types of course as well.DEhfUN takes course material which is specified as a collection of (marked-up) pltitext source files and generates a corresponding set of interlined HTIvlL fiIes which present the material. The DEhfUN mark-up ncrfition differs from raw HTh!fL in that it is both simpler 'md more specific to the domain of course materials. DEhKJN a.ko provides automated and semi-automated cross-referencing of course materials, reducing the complexity of designing an inte=mted collection of hypertem (and hence the opportunity for error). IVioreover,DEh!iUN ensures that all generated materials are presented in a consistent and predictable formw DEh!iUN is implemented in the Perl programming kinguage [1] and hence is portable to most operating systems with very minor modifications to cope with Permksion to rtmke digkl}hard copy of 4 or pmt of this work for personal w cksroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of th@publktion and its date appear, and notice is given that copying k by pemi"mim d the ACM, Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to Iists, requk prior specific permission ard]or a fee. ACSE98, Wisbane QLD NJSTR.ALllL @m98, ACM l-5m3-ol>x/9s/ooo7 $5.00 76 directory naming and navigation. This paper presents only an overview and summary of DEMUN'S features. Full details may be found in the DEMUN Reference Manual [2].2