ResumenIntroducción: en la patogénesis del cáncer gástrico el único método de diagnóstico es el estudio histopatológico que suele realizarse en etapas tardías. La detección oportuna de las lesiones preneoplásicas, disminuirían los cambios irreversibles de la mucosa gástrica y a su vez la incidencia de su malignidad. Objetivos: determinar las características histopatológicas preneoplásicas para el desarrollo de cáncer gástrico y su asociación con la edad y el sexo. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y descriptivo donde se incluyó 1025 endoscopías digestivas con resultados histopatológicos en el área de gastroenterología del hospital Universitario de Guayaquil, periodo 2014-2015. Resultados: de los 1025 casos, el 80.8 % ya tenían cambio en la mucosa gástrica representada por signos histológicos crónicos, cuyos síntomas inespecíficos se presentaban en un 79 %; el 17.3 % presentaron signos preneoplásicos cuyos síntomas inespecíficos ocurrieron en un 75.8 %. El principal motivo de estudio en todas las lesiones histológicas fue la dispepsia. Conclusiones: los síntomas inespecíficos tuvieron un alto porcentaje de sospecha para indicar la realización de una endoscopía digestiva alta, de ahí la importancia de optimizar la historia clínica, en busca de síntomas precoces, factores de riesgo que contribuyan al desarrollo de neoplasia gástrica.PALABRAS CLAVE: patología, dispepsia, metaplasia, neoplasias gástricas. Abstract INTRODUCTION: in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, the diagnosis method is the histopathological study, usually done in later stages. Timely detection of preneoplastic lesions would diminish irreversible changes in the gastric mucosa and, in turn, the incidence of malignancy. Objectives: to determine the histopathological preneoplastic characteristics for development of gastric cancer and its association with age and sex. Materials and methods: an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted, which included 1025 digestive endoscopies with histopathological results in the gastroenterology area of the hospital Universitario de Guayaquil (University Hospital of Guayaquil) within the period 2014-2015. Results: out of the 1025 cases, 80.8 % already showed a change in the gastric mucosa represented by chronic histological signs, for which nonspecific symptoms were present in 79 % of the cases; 17.3 % showed preneoplastic signs with nonspecific symptoms in 75.8 %. The main cause for all histological lesions under study was dyspepsia. Conclusions: nonspecific symptoms had a high percentage of suspicion to suggest the performance of an upper digestive endoscopy, hence the importance of optimizing the clinical history, so as to find early symptoms, risk factors that contribute to the development of gastric neoplasia. A principal razão para o estudo em todas as lesões histológicas foi dispepsia. Conclusões: sintomas inespecíficos tinha uma elevada percentagem de suspeita para indicar a realização de uma endoscopia digestiva alta, daí a importância de otimiza...
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