AbstrakNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) juga dikenal dengan atypical mycobacteria atau mycobacteria other than tuberculosis merupakan organisme patogen oportunistik yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit paru progresif. Spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah Mycobacteria avium complex (MAC), M. kansasii, M. malmose, dan M. xenopi. Diagnosis penyakit paru NTM berdasarkan manisfestasi klinis dan radiologis (fibrokavitas dan bronkiektasis nodular). Kultur merupakan standar emas untuk konfirmasi laboratorium dari NTM dan diperlukan untuk identifikasi genotipe dan drug suscebtibility test (DST). Antibiotik golongan makrolida seperti azitromisin dan klaritomisin merupakan terapi dasar untuk infeksi paru NTM. Rekomendasi menganjurkan terapi kombinasi makrolida (azitromisin atau klaritromisin), rifampin atau rifabutin, dan etambutol dengan atau tanpa aminoglikosida intravena. Terapi medikamentosa dilakukan secara kontiniu diberikan minimal selama 12 bulan setelah didapatkan biakan sputum negatif. AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) also known as atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis is an opportunistic pathogen organism that cause progressive pulmonary disease. The most commonly found species are MAC, M. kansasii, M.malmose, and M. xenopi. Diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease consist of clinical and radiological thorax x-ray manifestations (fibrocavities and nodular bronchiectasis). Culture is the gold standard for laboratory confirmation from NTM and needed for genotype identification and drug susceptibility test (DST). Macrolide antibiotics such as azithromycin and clarithomycin are the basic therapies for NTM lung infection. Recommendations suggest combination macrolide therapy (azithromycin or clarithromycin), rifampin or rifabutin, and ethambutol with or without intravenous aminoglycosides. Medical therapy is continuously given for a minimum of 12 months after negative sputum cultures are obtained.
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