A linear, travel time tomography study of the most active shield volcano of the world, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, was undertaken to determine the lateral heterogeneities produced by its intricate magmatic and tectonic environment. Kilauea provides an ideal setting to do tomography because of its dense seismograph array and many local earthquakes that allow excellent ray coverage of complex subsurface features. Local P wave data from ~12,295 events were inverted using a onedimensional layered velocity model. Inversions were done for two cell sizes (5 x 5 x 5 km and I x I x I kin) to resolve structural regions on different length scales. This study provided a view of the average velocity variations relative to a one-dimensional velocity model. Analysis and interpretation of the tomographic images allowed us to infer the following model. The main shallow magma reservoir is delineated by a slow velocity region southeast of the summit from 0 to 2 km depth. There is a distinct high velocity region centered northwest of the summit from 0 to 2 km depth that represents a cap of dense, intrusive dikes surrounding the magma chamber. We suggest that the shallow reservoir is a narrow, compartmentalized region of sills and dikes, centered just south-southeast of Halemaumau caldera. Below the main reservoir, the summit is imaged as a slightly fast region from 5 to 10 km in the coarse model indicating that the main conduit is structurally defined by an intrusive dike complex until about 10 kin. The rift zones of Kilauea are imaged as major, high velocity entities, widening to the south with depth until 6 kin.

Data were gathered during the 1980 NCAA Wrestling Championships in order to document various specifics involving the injuries sustained by the participating athletes. Any time a match was stopped for medical reasons, specific information was recorded and later organized to indicate any injury tendencies in wrestling. Of the 353 athletes who participated in the championships, 110 incurred injuries requiring the attention of a physician and/or an athletic trainer. Results indicated an overall injury rate per athlete of 31.2% with no conclusive trends considering the weight classification. Injury variety was great with only six athletes (5.5%) injured severe enough to require withdrawal from the tournament. The head-face-neck region was the most commonly injured area (36.4%). Data suggest the fatigue may affect the injury rate while results related to wrestler position and match score seemed to be inconclusive.

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The July 2019 Ridgecrest sequence was observed in exquisite detail by the National Science Foundation’s (NSF) Geodetic Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (GAGE) Network of the Americas (NOTA), which has a dense array of continuously observing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations and subarrays of strain and seismic borehole networks in southern California. Two hundred and eighteen GNSS and 10 borehole NOTA stations within 250 km of the epicentral area recorded the sequence. Special downloads of high-rate data from sites within a specified radius of each earthquake were initiated by the GAGE Facility for the time period of 1.5 days before and 1.5 days after each event to ensure transient deformation was captured at a high-temporal resolution. Rapid field deployments of temporary GNSS stations were carried out by UNAVCO in support of NSF-funded investigators and U.S. Geological Survey activities. The data recorded by the permanent network are available from the GAGE Facility’s Data Center at UNAVCO, data recorded at the temporary campaign sites will also be made available on completion of data collection. The OpenTopography project, of which UNAVCO is a partner, released a preliminary pre-event digital surface model of the area covering the Ridgecrest earthquake sequence to support the ongoing imaging efforts to measure the deformation from these events. In this article, we document the significant amount of detailed, open-access geodetic data available from GAGE to study this sequence and advance our understanding of earthquake processes, the geodynamics of the California eastern shear zone, and our capacity to respond to damaging earthquakes for research.