Although judges most often make the final decision in cases of child abuse, the literature is relatively silent as to what they believe to be true about child abuse and neglect. From 224 district judges in the State of Texas, 36%, or 82, returned a 50-item questionnaire reasonably complete. The responses of these judges agreed with many major constructs in the literature on child abuse, but there were a number of important areas, e.g., family pathology, parent pathology, in which a majority of the judges differed from the literature. The 82 respondents showed considerable openness and flexibility in dealing with abuse.

During the last decade the federal government has made investigation of healthcare fraud and abuse a priority. Increasingly, nurses and skilled nursing organizations have been at the center of fraud and abuse cases. The authors examine data of sanctioned nurses obtained from the Office of the Inspector General. Nurses are most frequently sanctioned for license violations, drug convictions, and patient neglect.