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Inkjet print heads have become the dominant printing element for home and office printers; they have been a key driver forthe digitization of wide-format graphic arts printing and other printing areas as diverse as addressing and carton coding. In the past few years, inkjet print heads have begun to have an impact in areas outside the graphics arts. In these applications, the inkjet print head may be considered a manufacturing tool; this implies that it will differ in design depending on the application. Also, standards forreliability, consistency, and dependability will differ from those in graphic arts areas. Even though non-graphic-arts applications differ widely in their details, there are general considerations in terms of the systems that are required. Each nontraditional application has specific goals for manufacturing, and a unique inkjet print head designed to meet these goals may be required. This article focuses on a specific piezo-based inkjet print head that has been engineered to meet the manufacturing requirements for flat-panel displays basedon light-emitting polymeric materials.

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The ultraviolet absorption spectra of aqueous and alcoholic solutions of the pyridinemono‐carboxylic acids and amides, of the vicinal pyridinedicarboxylic acids, and of the 1‐oxides of these compounds, were measured and qualitatively interpreted. The photolysis of the 1‐oxides in aqueous solution resulted principally in their deoxygenation. Photolysis of picolinamide 1‐oxide also gave a rearrangement product, 1‐formyl‐2‐pyrrolecarboxamide. The photolyses of the 2‐ and 4‐monosubstituted 1‐oxides were somewhat faster than those of the 3‐substituted 1‐oxides. The experimental results are discussed in terms of possible hydrogen‐bonding effects.