BackgroundIt is important to engage in regular physical activity in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle however a large portion of the population is insufficiently active. Understanding how different types of motivation contribute to exercise behavior is an important first step in identifying ways to increase exercise among individuals. The current study employs self-determination theory as a framework from which to examine how motivation contributes to various characteristics of exercise behavior.MethodsRegular exercisers (N = 1079; n = 468 males; n = 612 females) completed inventories which assessed the frequency, intensity, and duration with which they exercise, as well as the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire including four additional items assessing integrated regulation.ResultsBivariate correlations revealed that all three behavioral indices (frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise) were more highly correlated with more autonomous than controlling regulations. Regression analyses revealed that integrated and identified regulations predicted exercise frequency for males and females. Integrated regulation was found to be the only predictor of exercise duration across both genders. Finally, introjected regulation predicted exercise intensity for females only.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that exercise regulations that vary in their degree of internalization can differentially predict characteristics of exercise behavior. Furthermore, in the motivational profile of a regular exerciser, integrated regulation appears to be an important determinant of exercise behavior. These results highlight the importance of assessing integrated regulation in exercise settings where the goal of understanding motivated behavior has important health implications.

Objective To explore eating disorder (ED) recovery‐related content created and shared on the social media platform TikTok. Method A systematic review and inductive thematic analysis of 150 TikTok posts catalogued under hashtag (#) EDrecovery. Two coders independently analyzed the posts and a critical peer facilitated discussions about the resulting codes and themes. Results Creators on TikTok used #EDrecovery to share their personal experiences with recovery through the use and cooption of popular (or viral) video formats, succinct storytelling, and the production of educational content. Five themes were interpreted across the data: (a) ED awareness, (b) inpatient story time: “ED unit tings”, (c) eating in recovery, (d) transformations: “how about a weight gain glow up?”, and (e) trendy gallows humor: “let's confuse people who have a good relationship with food”. Discussion TikTok as a user‐friendly, creative media may provide the artistic and social tools for some creators to add their distinct voice to the ED recovery narrative and foster some semblance of community. Although all of the analyzed content was catalogued under #EDrecovery, some of the posts reified the increasingly blurred boundary that exists between ED recovery and pro‐ED content on TikTok.

IntroductionFolate is an essential cosubstrate of many biochemical reactions, such as the de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, methionine, and deoxythymidylate monophosphate. 1,2 Mammals cannot synthesize folate; therefore, inadequate dietary supply or folate malabsorption results in defective DNA synthesis. One of the first manifestations of a folate deficiency is in the rapidly proliferating cells of the hematopoietic system, leading to pancytopenia and anemia of the megaloblastic type. Patients with megaloblastic anemia demonstrate ineffective erythropoiesis by harboring large immature red blood cell (RBC) precursors that fail to survive to the postmitotic, terminal stages, undergoing premature apoptosis. 2 Three mammalian folate transporter systems have been described to date in a variety of tissues: (1) the bidirectional reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), also known as SLC19A1, 3,4 (2) the glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored folate receptors (FOLR1, FOLR2, and FOLR4) and one secreted receptor in humans without a mouse homolog (FOLR3), 5 and (3) the human proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT). 6-8 The RFC1 transporter is expressed ubiquitously, including the brush-border membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine. 9 Although RFC1 is necessary for folate transport in erythroid cells, its involvement in intestinal folate uptake has not been confirmed. 6 Inactivation of RFC1 in mice by homologous recombination led to either embryonic lethality or defective erythropoiesis in pups born to mothers who were supplemented with 1 mg daily subcutaneous doses of folic acid. 10,11 Because this transporter functions at a neutral pH optimum whereas the majority of intestinal folate transport occurs in an acidic luminal milieu, RFC1 is an unlikely candidate for an intestinal folate transporter. 7 The role of FOLR1 in folate absorption and transport has also been demonstrated, where a 60% to 70% reduction was observed in plasma folate of FOLR1 Ϫ/Ϫ mice fed low folate and normal chow. 12 FOLR1 also regulates folate homeostasis via endocytotic mechanisms during embryonic development, and mice rendered null for this receptor display severe morphogenetic abnormalities and die in utero unless provided supraphysiologic concentrations of either folinic acid or 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 5,13 The PCFT transporter is highly expressed in tissues involved in folate and heme transport, including the duodenum and liver. 6,14 Initially, PCFT was identified as a low-affinity, pHindependent heme transporter 14 and then later described to function as a low pH-dependent folate transporter in intestinal cells. 6 The latter role of the transporter was confirmed by the identification of loss-of-function mutations in the human PCFT gene in persons diagnosed with hereditary folate malabsorption syndrome. 6 Studies have also indicated that PCFT facilitates folate transport during folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, where FOLR1 binds folate, and its export into the cytosol is driven by PCFT activity as the vesicle undergoes en...

PA interventions hold promise in improving caregivers' outcomes. However, more high quality trials are needed before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disproportionately impacts minority youth. Interventions to decrease HIV sexual risk are needed.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that an engaging theory-based digital health intervention in the form of an interactive video game would improve sexual health outcomes in adolescents.MethodsParticipants aged 11 to 14 years from 12 community afterschool, school, and summer programs were randomized 1:1 to play up to 16 hours of an experimental video game or control video games over 6 weeks. Assessments were conducted at 6 weeks and at 3, 6, and 12 months. Primary outcome was delay of initiation of vaginal/anal intercourse. Secondary outcomes included sexual health attitudes, knowledge, and intentions. We examined outcomes by gender and age.ResultsA total of 333 participants were randomized to play the intervention (n=166) or control games (n=167): 295 (88.6%) were racial/ethnic minorities, 177 (53.2%) were boys, and the mean age was 12.9 (1.1) years. At 12 months, for the 258 (84.6%) participants with available data, 94.6% (122/129) in the intervention group versus 95.4% (123/129) in the control group delayed initiation of intercourse (relative risk=0.99, 95% CI 0.94-1.05, P=.77). Over 12 months, the intervention group demonstrated improved sexual health attitudes overall compared to the control group (least squares means [LS means] difference 0.37, 95% CI 0.01-0.72, P=.04). This improvement was observed in boys (LS means difference 0.67, P=.008), but not girls (LS means difference 0.06, P=.81), and in younger (LS means difference 0.71, P=.005), but not older participants (LS means difference 0.03, P=.92). The intervention group also demonstrated increased sexual health knowledge overall (LS means difference 1.13, 95% CI 0.64-1.61, P<.001), in girls (LS means difference 1.16, P=.001), boys (LS means difference 1.10, P=.001), younger (LS means difference 1.18, P=.001), and older (LS means difference=1.08, P=.002) participants. There were no differences in intentions to delay the initiation of intercourse between the two groups (LS means difference 0.10, P=.56).ConclusionsAn interactive video game intervention improves sexual health attitudes and knowledge in minority adolescents for at least 12 months.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01666496; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01666496 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6syumc9C0).