The literacy landscape of today demands that teachers understand what language is and that they develop with their students the metalanguage to negotiate multimodal texts.Wi thin the field of literacy research, there is an increasing recognition that the advent of information and communication technology (ICT) necessitates a broader conception of literacy. A new definition of literacy is required to encompass not just the traditional literacy, such as the ability to read and write, but also multiple literacies related to multimedia technology. Citing Leu, Kinzer, Coiro, and Cammack (2004), the new literacies for the 21st century can be succinctly defined as follows:The new literacies of the Internet and other ICTs include the skills, strategies, and dispositions necessary to successfully use and adapt to the rapidly changing information and communication technologies and contexts that continuously emerge in our world and inf luence all areas of our personal and professional lives. These new literacies allow us to use the Internet and other ICTs to identify important questions, locate information, critically evaluate the usefulness of that information, synthesize information to answer those questions, and then communicate the answers to others. (p. 1572) Research in new literacies-such as that funded by MacArthur Foundation in the United States, Futurelab in the United Kingdom, and many international research centers-is keeping researchers and practitioners abreast of new understandings of literacies and how they take shape in different contexts. However, not all of the research findings have been translated from prototype studies into everyday classroom practices (

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Present-day smartphones and tablets demand high audio fidelity (e.g., total harmonic distortion + noise, THD + N 0.01%), and high noise immunity (e.g., power supply rejection ratio, PSRR 80 dB) to allow high integration in an SoC. The design of conventional closed-loop pulse width modulation (PWM) Class-D amplifiers (CDAs) typically involves undesirable trade-offs between fidelity (qualified by THD + N), PSRR and switching frequency. In this paper, we propose a fully integrated CMOS CDA that embodies a novel input-modulated carrier generator and a novel phase-error-free PWM modulator, collectively allowing the employment of high loop-gain to achieve high PSRR, yet without compromising linearity/dynamic-range or resorting to high switching frequency. The prototype CDA, realized in 65 nm CMOS, achieves a THD + N of 0.0027% and a power efficiency of 94% when delivering 500 mW to an 8 Ω load from V = 3.6 V. The PSRR of the prototype CDA is very high, -101 dB @217 Hz and 90 dB @1 kHz, arguably the highest to-date. Furthermore, the switching frequency of the prototype CDA varies from 320 to 420 kHz, potentially reducing the EMI due to spread-spectrum. In addition, the prototype CDA is versatile with a large operating-voltage range, with V ranging from rechargeable 1.2 V single battery to standard 3.6 V smart-device supply voltages.

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