With the continuous development of signal amplification technology and nanotechnology, more and more electrochemical sensors combining nanotechnology and signal amplification technology are applied in the field of analysis. In this paper, combined with the Internet of Things technology, the construction of gold nanobiosensors and signal characteristic processing are carried out. In this paper, a T-rich DNA probe is used as the recognition element, modified on the electrode surface, combined with DNA-modified nanogold particle amplification technology, and the electroactive substance peg amine is used as the signal molecule to develop a highly sensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection of melamine. The sensor has good specificity and sensitivity, and the detection limit is as low as 0.5 NM. In addition, by combining sensors with the Internet of Things technology, melamine monitoring and signal characteristic processing can be carried out in real time. This model can easily achieve the purpose of accurate and quantitative analysis of melamine toxins and can be effective for food safety.