As a new community model, virtual learning community has become a kind of brand-new exchange and knowledge sharing model in the Internet era. Based on the analysis of the information concepts of virtual learning community, summarize the elements of virtual learning community, puts forward the corresponding construction step, summarizes the construction characteristics and tasks of various stages, and points out the future development prospects.

Though many location algorithms, such as least square methods, fingerprints, data fusion and proximity methods, have been suggested for positions estimation, most of their performances have been valuated based on the proposed simulations. The solution of distinguishing NLOS environments is still a Gordian knot. Our studies focus on the utilization of measurement report which is generated by the user equipment and contains the information of cell configurations and signal strengths. As the cell antenna azimuths which belong to the same base stations direct respectively, this paper suggests a notion of virtual antenna for wireless location in practical environment. The cells are categorized and a virtual antenna is defined to indicate mobile's direction more accurately. A step-by-step algorithm is also suggested for fitting the azimuths. The experiment of field measurements exhibits the high accuracies of our virtual antenna and a comparability of the fingerprints algorithm and our studies is shown.

The article systematically analyzes the method of knowledge representation, introduce the basic concepts of the ontology, the ontology-based knowledge representation method of E-government. The focus is examining the E-government Ontology Modeling Language, OWL language, and then propose the principle of build E-government Ontology. It is including the ontology construction method, build tools and build.