The one‐dimensional (2D) chaotic encryption algorithm has good encryption performance. For its properties, such as the excellent complexity, pseudo‐randomness, and sensitivity to the initial value of the chaotic sequence. However, compared with other methods, its biggest drawback is that the key space is too small. To address these problems, in this study, the authors introduce an improved 2D logistic sine chaotic map (2D‐LSMM). A novel image encryption scheme based on dynamic DNA sequences encryption and improved 2D‐LSMM is presented. The logistic map is used to control the input of the sine map. And the encoding and operation rules of DNA sequences are determined by 2D‐LSMM chaotic sequences. By implementing dynamic DNA sequence encryption, the encryption process becomes more complicated and harder to be attacked. Simulation experimental results and security analysis show that the authors’ encryption scheme not only achieves proper encryption but can also resist different attacks.

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Carbon dots (C-dots) have abundant functional groups on their surface, which affect their luminescence properties, detection and structure.

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