Background This study aimed to understand the incidence and clinical significance of acalculous cholecystitis in patients with acute hepatitis E (HE). Patients and methods A single center enrolled 114 patients with acute HE. All patients underwent imaging of the gallbladder, and patients with gallstones and cholecystectomy were excluded. Results Acalculous cholecystitis was found in 66 patients (57.89%) with acute HE. The incidence in males was 63.95%, which was significantly higher than in females (39.29%) (P = 0.022). The mean length of hospital stay and the incidence of spontaneous peritonitis in patients with cholecystitis (20.12 ± 9.43 days and 9.09%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis (12.98 ± 7.26 days and 0%, respectively) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.032). Albumin, total bile acid, bilirubin, cholinesterase, and prothrombin activity in patients with cholecystitis were significantly inferior to those in patients without cholecystitis (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). After correction by multivariate analysis, albumin and total bile acid were found to be closely related to acalculous cholecystitis in HE. Conclusion Acalculous cholecystitis is very common in patients with acute HE, and may serve as a predictor of increased peritonitis, synthetic decompensation, and longer hospital stay.

China is an epidemic area of hepatitis E, and the serum prevalence data is very important for formulating prevention and control strategies. However, almost all related research in the past decade are cross‐sectional studies. In this study, we analyzed the serological data from 2012 to 2021 in Chongqing for 10 consecutive years. We found that the positive rate of hepatitis E IgG antibody increased gradually, from 1.61% in January 2012 to 50.63% in December 2021. The autoregressive integrated moving average model was used to predict the trend, and it was found that it will continue to show an upward trend in the recent future. In contrast, the positive rate of IgM and clinical incidence of hepatitis E showed a relatively stable trend. Although the positive rate of antibodies gradually increased with age, there was no significant difference in the age distribution of the subjects each year. Therefore, these results suggest that the accumulated infection of hepatitis E in Chongqing may be gradually increasing, but the clinical incidence rate remains unchanged, which provides a new concern for formulating prevention and control strategies.

Background: This study aimed to understand the incidence and clinical significance of acalculous cholecystitis in patients with acute hepatitis E (HE). Patients and methods: A single center enrolled 114 patients with acute HE. All patients underwent imaging of the gallbladder, and patients with gallstones and cholecystectomy were excluded. Results: Acalculous cholecystitis was found in 66 patients (57.89%) with acute HE. The incidence in males was 63.95%, which was significantly higher than in females (39.29%) (P=0.022). The mean length of hospital stay and the incidence of spontaneous peritonitis in patients with cholecystitis (20.12 ± 9.43 days and 9.09%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis (12.98 ± 7.26 days and 0%, respectively) (P<0.001 and P=0.032). Albumin , total bile acid, bilirubin, cholinesterase, and prothrombin activity in patients with cholecystitis were significantly inferior to those in patients without cholecystitis (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P= 0.003, respectively). After correction by multivariate analysis, albumin and total bile acid were found to be closely related to acalculous cholecystitis in HE. Conclusion: Acalculous cholecystitis is very common in patients with acute HE, and may serve as a predictor of increased peritonitis, synthetic decompensation, and longer hospital stay.

Background The purpose of this study was to understand the incidence and clinical significance of acalculous cholecystitis in acute hepatitis E. Patients and methods A single center enrolled 114 patients with acute hepatitis E. All these patients had imaging of the gallbladder, and patients with gallstones and cholecystectomy were excluded. Results Acalculous cholecystitis was found in 66 patients (57.89%) with acute hepatitis E. The incidence of males was 63.95%, which was significantly higher than that of females (39.29%) (P=0.022). The mean hospital stays and the incidence of spontaneous peritonitis in patients with cholecystitis were significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis 20.12 ± 9.43 days and 9.09%, respectively, and significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis 12.98 ± 7.26 days and 0% (P<0.001 and P=0.032, respectively). ALB, TB, DB, CHE and PTA in patients with cholecystitis were significantly inferior to those without cholecystitis (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P= 0.003, respectively). Conclusion Acalculous cholecystitis is very common in patients with acute hepatitis E, and it may serve as a predictor of increased peritonitis, synthetic decompensation, and longer hospital stay with hepatitis E.

Background: The purpose of this study was to understand the incidence and clinical significance of acalculous cholecystitis in acute hepatitis E. Patients and methods: A single center enrolled 114 patients with acute hepatitis E. All these patients had imaging of the gallbladder, and patients with gallstones and cholecystectomy were excluded. Results: Acalculous cholecystitis was found in 66 patients (57.89%) with acute hepatitis E. The incidence of males was 63.95%, which was significantly higher than that of females (39.29%) (P=0.022). The mean hospital stays and the incidence of spontaneous peritonitis in patients with cholecystitis were significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis 20.12 ± 9.43 days and 9.09%, respectively, and significantly higher than those in patients without cholecystitis 12.98 ± 7.26 days and 0% (P<0.001 and P=0.032, respectively). ALB, TB, DB, CHE and PTA in patients with cholecystitis were significantly inferior to those without cholecystitis (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P= 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: Acalculous cholecystitis is very common in patients with acute hepatitis E, and it may serve as a predictor of increased peritonitis, synthetic decompensation, and longer hospital stay with hepatitis E.