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The field of view of digital in-line holography for flow field diagnostics is restricted to a small volume due to the finite size and the low spatial resolution of the available CCD. Expansion of the measurement cross section of digital holographic particle image velocimetry was investigated with a lens-based holography configuration. By sampling the chirp signal in the center lobe completely and undersampling the chirp signal in the second- and higher-order lobes by a magnified virtual recording plane produced by an imaging camera lens, the field of view is expanded. Simulation results show that the three-dimensional (3D) location and size of the relatively large particle can be reconstructed with good accuracy. A digital holographic particle image velocimetry system was established for coal particle flow field diagnostics. Compared with the lensless configuration, the field of view of the digital holography system was enlarged 1.9 times, up to 2.78 cm × 2.78 cm × 3 cm. The 3D location, size distribution, and the 3D vector field of coal powder were obtained. The results show that the application of digital in-line holography to measure large particle flow field is feasible.

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Aim: Glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is crucial for the relapse to heroin seeking. The aim of this study was to determine whether mGluR5 in the NAc core or shell involved in heroin seeking behavior in rats. Methods: Male SD rats were self-administered heroin under a fixed-ratio 1 (FR1) reinforcement schedule for 14 d, and subsequently withdrawn for 2 weeks. The selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6-phenylethynyl-pyridine (MPEP, 5, 15 and 50 nmol per side) was then microinjected into the NAc core or shell 10 min before a heroin-seeking test induced by context, cues or heroin priming. Results: Microinjection of MPEP into the NAc shell dose-dependently decreased the heroin seeking induced by context, cues or heroin priming. In contrast, microinjection of MPEP into the NAc core did not alter the heroin seeking induced by cues or heroin priming. In addition, microinjection with MPEP (15 nmol per side) in the NAc shell reversed both the percentage of open arms entries (OE%) and the percentage of time spent in open arms (OT%) after heroin withdrawal. Microinjection of MPEP (50 nmol per side) in the striatum as a control location did not affect the heroin seeking behavior. Microinjection of MPEP in the 3 locations did not change the locomotion activities. Conclusion: Blockade of mGluR5 in NAc shell in rats specifically suppresses the relapse to heroin-seeking and anxiety-like behavior, suggesting that mGluR5 antagonists may be a potential candidate for the therapy of heroin addiction.Keywords: heroin; addiction; relapse; mGluR5; MPEP; the nucleus accumbens; striatum Acta Pharmacologica Sinica (2014Sinica ( ) 35: 1485Sinica ( -1492 doi: 10.1038/aps.2014 published online Nov 17 2014 Original Article IntroductionRelapse is the most important manifestation of heroin addiction following prolonged periods of abstinence [1] . Relapse arises from intense craving that can be triggered by a single drug-taking experience or exposure to an environmental stimulus [2] . The pre-clinical literature indicates that longterm drug-induced alterations in glutamatergic transmission within the NAc may underlie relapse to drug-seeking behavior following the re-exposure to drugs and drugassociated stimuli during abstinence of the drug [3,4] . Type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR5) as a postsynaptic element is abundantly present throughout in the NAc, where it is positively coupled to NMDA receptor function and mediates various forms of synaptic plasticity [5,6] . The deletion of mGluR5 results in marked deficits in responding to the reinforcing and locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine [7] . Furthermore, the administration of the noncompetitive selective mGluR5 antagonist 2-methyl-6 (phenyethynyl) pyridine (MPEP) decreased the self-administration and/or relapse of nicotine [8,9] , cocaine [10,11] , ethanol [12][13][14] , and heroin [15,16] . MTEP, another antagonist of mGluR5, also can attenuate opiate selfadministration and opiate-seeking behavior in mice [17] . These data indicate mGluR5 plays a...