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IntroductionOvarian cancer (OVCA) is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and its diagnosis is typically accompanied by the production of ascites. Although liquid biopsy has been widely implemented recently, the diagnosis or prognosis of OVCA based on liquid biopsy remains the primary emphasis.MethodsIn this study, using proximity barcoding assay, a technique for analyzing the surface proteins on single extracellular vesicles (EVs). For validation, serum and ascites samples from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) were collected, and their levels of CDCP1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue chips were prepared to analyze the relationship between different expression levels of CDCP1 and the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients.ResultsWe discovered that the CUB domain-containing protein 1+ (CDCP1+) EVs subcluster was higher in the ascites of OVCA patients compared to benign ascites. At the same time, the level of CDCP1 was considerably elevated in the ascites of OVCA patients. The overall survival and disease-free survival of the group with high CDCP1 expression in EOC were significantly lower than those of the group with low expression. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrates that EVs-derived CDCP1 was a biomarker of early response in OVCA ascites.DiscussionOur findings identified a CDCP1+ EVs subcluster in the ascites of OVCA patients as a possible biomarker for EOC prevention.

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Background Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution is a biodegradable polymer material with the main component of glue. PVA can now be used in the medical field. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically intractable disease with persistent damage to the colonic epithelial mucosa as the main pathological change. The research aims to explore the therapeutic effect of PVA water solution on UC in mice. Methods The UC model was induced by dextran sulfate sodium, and the therapeutic effects of different concentrations of PVA water solution on the model mice were observed. Besides the changes in mouse body weight, clinical disease activity index, and colon length were recorded. Histopathological examination staining and inflammatory factors levels were used to evaluate the degree of colonic tissue damage and inflammation. Furthermore, mouse colon organoids were cultured, which were used to assess the effects of different concentrations of PVA aqueous solution on the number of organoids in vitro. Results We reported that treatment with PVA aqueous solution (1 mg/ml and 3 mg/ml) can significantly alleviate the weight loss of the colitis group, and dramatically improve histopathology scores, meanwhile the levels of inflammatory factors in intestinal mucosal tissue were decreased. It was also confirmed that PVA could greatly increase the number of colonic organoids in vitro. Conclusions In summary, PVA can relieve tissue damage and clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis. We infer that the underlying mechanism may be related to promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation by PVA, which might in turn promote the repair of intestinal mucosal damage. This study might provide a new candidate for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis.