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Human is the host of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) especially in childhood and adolescence. Most of them are asymptomatic infection and self‐limiting. However, for those patients who suffer from immune dysfunction, EBV infection will be life‐threatening. Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (EBV‐HLH) is one of the severe effects. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EBV‐HLH and other EBV infectious diseases are mentioned in this paper. The molecular biology mechanism and complications of EBV‐HLH are equally briefly presented. It also provides a practical method for the genetic diagnosis of such diseases and the differential diagnosis with other human immunodeficiency diseases for medical scientists in routine clinical practice.

Seismic fault displacement is the main factor leading to local buckling failure of the buried pipeline, especially crossing the oblique-reverse fault. The local buckling behavior of the buried pipeline is complex under the 3-D displacement of the oblique-reverse fault. In this work, the pipe local buckling mechanism was discussed, then a shell and solid element nonlinear contact coupling model of the pipeline crossing oblique-reverse fault was established based on the ABAQUS program. The local buckling behavior (potential local buckling locations, developing process) of the pipeline under oblique-reverse fault displacement was systematically analyzed, comparing against the same under single fault displacement. Subsequently, the influence of internal pressure, diameter thickness ratio and burial depth on the local buckling behavior of the pipeline were discussed. The numerical results revealed two potential locations and three stages of the local buckling, then the potential local buckling locations and three stages of the local buckling under different internal pressure, diameter thickness ratio and burial depth were obtained. It proves that the local buckling of the pipeline is more sensitive to the oblique-reverse fault displacement than single fault displacement and provides a reference for the aseismic design and reinforcement of the pipeline crossing the oblique-reverse fault.

Seismic fault displacement is the main factor leading to the local buckling failure of the buried pipeline, especially crossing the oblique-reverse fault. The 3-D displacement of the oblique-reverse fault makes the local buckling behavior of the buried pipeline more complex. It may be inaccurate to evaluate the local buckling location and degree using the pipe local buckling results under the single fault displacement, affecting the monitoring and safety assessment of the pipeline. In this paper, to determine the pipe local buckling behavior (potential local buckling locations, developing process) under the oblique-reverse fault displacement, a shell and solid element nonlinear contact coupling model of the pipeline crossing oblique-reverse fault is established using ABAQUS. The results reveal two potential local buckling areas and three stages of the local buckling developing process under the oblique-reverse fault displacement. Subsequently, the potential local buckling locations and three stages in the local buckling under different operating conditions is obtained. It proves that using the results of pipe local buckling under single fault to evaluate the pipeline local buckling under composed fault is not safe enough. Consequently, local buckling behavior of the pipeline crossing oblique-reverse fault provides a reference for the preliminary pipe design, detection, and evaluation.