To expand the application of laser-MIG hybrid welding in the arc-welded aluminum alloy profile manufacturing for high-speed trains, the laser-MIG hybrid welding characteristics of 4 mm thick A6N01S-T5 arc-welded aluminum profiles were studied in this work. The welding parameters were optimized using the orthogonal test; the microstructure and properties of the joints were analyzed. The results showed that the optimal welding parameters were: welding speed 1.0 m/min, laser power 2.7 kW, arc current 200 A, spot diameter 0.8 mm, heat source distance 3 mm, and defocusing amount 0 mm. The columnar crystals and dense dendrites were observed near the fusion line and in the weld center, respectively, and the grains in the heat-affected zone were slightly coarse. The microhardness of the softening zone in the heat-affected zone was the lowest. The average tensile strength of the joints was 212 MPa, about 86% of the base metal. The samples fractured in the heat-affected zone, and the fractures showed typical plastic fracture characteristics. The results showed that laser-MIG hybrid welding has good applicability and feasibility for the arc-welded profile welding manufacturing.

In this study, a 16 mm thick A710 low-alloy high-strength steel was welded by using flux-cored wire gas-shielded welding with an E81T1-Ni1M flux-cored wire. The microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of the joints were systematically studied. The results showed that the joint was well formed without obvious welding defects. The center of the weld was mainly needle-like ferrite, the coarse grain area was mainly slat-like and granular bainite, and the fine grain area was mainly ferrite and pearlite. The lowest hardness in the weld area was the weakest area of the joint. The average tensile strength of the joint was 650 MPa, reaching 95% of the base metal; the samples were all fractured in the weld area, and the fracture morphology showed typical plastic fracture characteristics. The low-temperature (−40 °C) impact energy of the joint weld area and the heat-affected zone were 71 J and 253 J; the fracture morphology was characterized by a ductile–brittle mixed fracture, and the ductile area of the specimen fracture in the heat-affected zone was larger. The bending performance was good. Under the specified life of 2 × 106 cycles; the median fatigue limit and the safety fatigue limit were 520 MPa and 492 MPa, and the fatigue cracks germinated on the surface of the priming weld.