In recent years, the implant‐supported dentures have risen rapidly, and thus, more attention was paid to post‐operative pain, following dental implantation. To explore risk factors and establish as well as validate a risk prediction model for moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain following dental implantation. A observational study of 352 patients with 563 implants was carried out. The following candidate predictors were collected: age, gender, pain sensitivity, anxiety, pain expectation, operator experience, position, length and number of placed implants, duration of surgery and surgery procedures. The outcome was the presence of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain within the 24 hours post‐surgery. Multivariate logistic regression in combination with bootstrapping techniques was used to explore independent risk factors and establish a prediction model. The mean pain intensity score was 4.21 within 24 hours post‐operatively, while the incidence of moderate‐to‐severe pain was 61.9%. Independent risk factors of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain were flap surgery, surgical template, the interaction between anxiety state and pain sensitivity, the interaction between pain sensitivity and pain expectation and the interaction between implant length and immediate implant. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was 0.72. The model's sensitivity was 75.7%, and the specificity was 64.2%. The model reliability was good (Nagelkerke's R2 0.226). The risk factors and the prediction model (needs further improvement) can help dentists to identify patients at increased risk of moderate‐to‐severe post‐operative pain following dental implantation.

BackgroundSenescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has recently been found to drive comorbid diabetes and periodontitis by inducing a chronic, low‐degree inflammatory state. Here, we sought to explore the relationship between circulating SASP and the severity of type 2 diabetes‐associated periodontitis (DP).MethodsEighty patients (middle‐aged periodontitis, M‐P group; aged periodontitis, A‐P group; M‐DP group; and A‐DP group; n = 20) provided gingival epithelium, serum, and periodontal clinical parameters. Circulating levels of 12 DP‐related SASP factors were analyzed by immunoassay. Correlation between periodontal clinical parameters and circulating SASP levels was analyzed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and back propagation artificial neural network (BPNN). Senescence markers (p16, p21, and HMGB1) in gingiva were determined by immunofluorescence assay.ResultsM‐DP group had increased serum levels of twelve SASP factors compared with the M‐P group (p < 0.5). Serum levels of IL‐6, IL‐4, and RAGE were higher in the A‐DP group than the A‐P group (p < 0.5). The circulating concentrations of certain SASP proteins, including IL‐1β, IL‐4, MMP‐8, OPG, RANKL, and RAGE were correlated with the clinical parameters of DP. BPNN showed that serum SASP levels had considerable predictive value for CAL of DP. Additionally, the DP group had higher expressions of p16, p21, and cytoplasmic‐HMGB1 in the gingiva than the P group (p < 0.5).ConclusionsSignificantly enhanced circulating SASP levels and aggravated periodontal destruction were observed in patients with DP. Importantly, a non‐negligible association between serum SASP levels and the severity of DP was found.