101 women; median age was 47•5 years (range 7-90). The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (193 [84%] patients), cough (159 [69%] patients), and sputum production (98 [43%] patients). Diarrhoea was observed in 49 (21%) patients. Patients with diarrhoea were older and were more likely to have comorbidities than patients without diarrhoea (table). A greater proportion of patients admitted to hospital had diarrhoea as the outbreak progressed: nine (43%) of 21 patients admitted between Feb 12 and March 6, 2020, had diarrhoea versus 40 (19%) of 209 patients admitted between Jan 19 and Feb 11, 2020.More patients with diarrhoea showed severe symptoms of pneumonia hospitals in Guangdong province, two in Hubei province, and ten in Jiangxi province) between Jan 19, 2020, and March 6, 2020. Most patients were admitted because of fever, cough, dyspnoea, and chest CT findings consistent with COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests. Two patients with pre-existing digestive diseases were excluded from our analysis. The analysis was approved by the institutional review boards of Sun Yat-sen University and the participating hospitals. Full details of the methods used are in the appendix (p 1).The clinical and demographic characteristics of the 230 patients analysed are shown in the appendix (p 2). There were 129 men and
The Sox transcription factor family consists of 20 members in the human genome. Many of them are key determinants of cellular identities and possess the capacity to reprogram cell fates by pioneering the epigenetic remodeling of the genome. This activity is intimately tied to their ability to specifically bind and bend DNA alone or with other proteins. Here we discuss our current knowledge on how Sox transcription factors such as Sox2, Sox17, Sox18 and Sox9 'read' the genome to find and regulate their target genes and highlight the roles of partner factors including Pax6, Nanog, Oct4 and Brn2. We integrate insights from structural and biochemical studies as well as high-throughput assays to probe DNA specificity in vitro as well as in cells and tissues.
Our data suggest that laser therapy appeared to be less effective than traditional SRP treatment. Of the 4 treatment modalities, inclusion of SRP was found to have a superior IL- 1beta response, when compared to other therapies without it. In addition, no additional benefit was found when laser treatment was used secondary to traditional SRP therapy.
These observations suggest that IL-1beta plays a significant role in the pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal tissue destruction, and that measurement of tissue IL-1beta would be a valuable aid and useful for diagnostic markers of periodontal diseases.
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