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Modern science is dominated by scientific productions from teams. A recent finding shows that teams of both large and small sizes are essential in research, prompting us to analyze the extent to which a country’s scientific work is carried out by big or small teams. Here, using over 26 million publications from Web of Science, we find that China’s research output is more dominated by big teams than the rest of the world, which is particularly the case in fields of natural science. Despite the global trend that more papers are written by big teams, China’s drop in small team output is much steeper. As teams in China shift from small to large size, the team diversity that is essential for innovative work does not increase as much as that in other countries. Using the national average as the baseline, we find that the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) supports fewer small teams than the National Science Foundation (NSF) of the United States does, implying that big teams are preferred by grant agencies in China. Our finding provides new insights into the concern of originality and innovation in China, which indicates a need to balance small and big teams.

Background: Data on pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) of children in China have been limited.Method: We retrospectively reviewed PLA cases from Hospital. Clinical features and pathogens were analyzed.Results: We diagnosed 15 PLA patients in our center. Median age of onset was 3.2 years and the median diagnostic time was 9 days. Four patients (26.7%) had underlying diseases and seven patients (46.7%) had multiple organ involvement. The sensitivity achieved 100% when ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT scan were combined use to diagnose PLA. Two patients were defined pathogen through metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Finally, eleven patients (73.3%) were cured during follow-up time and four patients (26.7%) dead. Compared to the survival group and the death group, the patients in death group were more likely to have multiple organ involved (100 vs. 27%, P < 0.05) and bilateral lobe occupied ( P < 0.05) .Conclusions: PLA often occurs in patients with underlying disease. Multiple organs involved may lead to poor prognosis. mNGS can be a new method to detect pathogen. HighlightsPyogenic liver abscess often occurs in patients with underlying disease.Multiple organs involved and bilateral lobe occupied may lead to poor prognosis.Metagenomic next-generation sequencing could be a new method to make diagnosis.

According to the profitability evolution of real estate development projects, it is necessary and meaningful to conduct an analysis of the development mode of the real estate using some quantitative and empirical methods. To achieve this goal, a full-cycle index model (FCIM) of real estate development and construction investment is used to generate a series of data at first, which includes 40 samples (key factors) with their internal rate of return (IRR) of what as the output and 38 influencing factors as the input. In addition, three strategies (i.e., correlation, representativeness of dimensions and bottom of factors) are applied to filter the sample data and thus getting 10 key influencing factors of the IRR. Then, a regression model that treats IRR as the output and key influencing factors as the input is constructed to determine the weights of these factors. Finally, multiple combinations of factors with higher weights are considered to lead to the innovation basis for the real estate development mode. In conclusion, three factors have the strongest impacts on IRR: land transfer fee, sales promotion, and stamp tax and three development modes referring to different real estate enterprises are summarized, which are L&H Mode, L&P Mode, and H&B Mode.

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