Background To analyze the ultrasound imaging and clinical characteristics of fetuses with umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT), explore the potential causes of UAT and construct a prognostic prediction model to guide clinical practice. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of fetal UAT cases examined at two academic tertiary referral care centers from 2014 to 2020. The basic information of the participants was obtained by interview during follow-up, and data on clinical treatment, delivery conditions, diagnosis and confirmation were obtained through medical records. Probable causes of thrombosis were explored by comparative analysis of the UAT group to the control group and by further regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the prognostic prediction model. Results Thirty fetuses with UAT were included in this study. UAT occurred mostly in the third trimester of pregnancy, and there was an obvious predominance of right UAT. An abnormal pregnancy history (53.3%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (20.0%). GDM and umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities were found to be independent risk factors for the development of UAT. After comprehensive decision-making, over two-thirds of the patients with UAT received urgent treatment, and less than one-third received expectant management. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in fetal outcomes between the urgent treatment and expectant management groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age (GA) at clinical diagnosis and UC abnormalities were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 0.781, p = 0.042; OR 16.779, p = 0.023, respectively). Based on this, we constructed a comprehensive prognostic prediction model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.877 (95% CI 0.698–0.970; p < 0.001), which suggested that the combination of GA and UC abnormalities was a better predictor for fetal outcomes in our setting. Conclusion In summary, maternal GDM and fetal UC abnormalities are independent risk factors for UAT. UAT is more frequently observed on the right side. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes for fetuses with UAT are ascribed mainly to GA and UC abnormalities, which should be comprehensively evaluated to choose the appropriate treatment.

Soil is the material base of soil fertility. It can not only fix the root system but also provide nutrients, water, and other necessary conditions for crops to promote growth of crops. As a characteristic agricultural product in the Yanbian area, the production of ‘Pingguoli’ is related to the development of the agricultural economy in the Yanbian area. To solve the agricultural problems caused by excessive fertilisation in ‘Pingguoli’ orchards in the Yanbian area and to study the correlation between rare elements and soil properties. Based on the collection of regional natural economic background and soil data in the study area, four treatments were set up: The soil and ‘Pingguoli’ samples were collected, and the total amount of rare earth elements in the soil samples and the related indexes of ‘Pingguoli’ fruit were detected. Soil is the material basis of soil fertility, and soil management determines crop growth. CF1 treatment could increase ‘Pingguoli’ yield and significantly improve fruit quality. The rate of fruit softening and bad fruit decreased significantly after storage. Reduction of fertilisation can improve quality and save cost, among which CF1 has the best effect and can obtain more benefits when applied in production. Implications: Through experiments, agricultural workers can be more deeply aware of the importance of soil to crops; reducing fertilisation can lead to better crop yield and quality while achieving greater benefits, and consumers can get healthier food.

Background: To analyze the ultrasonic imaging and clinical characteristics of fetuses with umbilical artery thrombosis (UAT), explore potential causes and construct a prognostic-predicting model, thereby to guide clinical practice.Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of fetal UAT in two academic tertiary referral care centers from 2014 to 2020. At follow-up visit, participants were interviewed with basic information, and the conditions of clinical treatment and delivery, diagnosis and confirmation were obtained through the medical records. Probable causes of thrombosis were explored by the comparative analysis of the UAT group to the control group and further regression analysis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the prognostic-predicting model.Results: There were 30 fetuses with UAT incorporated in this study. Mostly, UAT occurred in the third trimester of pregnancy. There was an obvious predominance of right UAT. Abnormal pregnancy history (53.3%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, 20.0%). Moreover, GDM and umbilical cord (UC) abnormalities were found to be independent risk factors for the development of UAT. After comprehensive decision-making, over two-thirds of the UAT patients chose urgent treatment while less than one-third chose expectant management. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences found in fetal outcomes between the UAT and control groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gestational age (GA) and UC abnormalities were independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes (OR 0.781, p = 0.042; OR 16.779, p = 0.023; respectively). Based on this, we constructed a comprehensive prognostic prediction model. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.877 (95%CI 0.698-0.970; p < 0.001), which suggested that the combination of GA and UC abnormalities was a better predictor for fetal outcomes.Conclusion: In summary, maternal GDM and fetal UC abnormalities were independent risk factors affecting UAT. UAT had been more observed on the right side. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes for UAT fetuses were mainly ascribed to GA and the condition of UC, which should be comprehensively evaluated to choose appropriate treatment.