This study aims were to determine the positional physical requirements of English domestic women’s rugby union match-play. Global positioning system data (Catapult Minimax S4) were collected at 10 Hz of 129 competitive player games from the Tyrrells Premier15 league. Players were classified according to broad (Forwards, Backs) and specific positions (front-, second-, back-row, scrum-half, inside-, and outside-backs). Total distances, maximum speed, and player loads were calculated. Mean total distance was 4982 m and was similar between the Forwards and Backs, with second-row players covering the most (5297 m) and outside-backs the least (4701 m). Inside- and outside-backs covered a significantly greater distance at high speed running (134 m; 178 m) and sprinting (74 m; 92 m) speeds, respectively, whereas the second- and back-row covered greater distances jogging (1966 m; 1976 m) and the front-row spent the greatest overall distance walking (2613 m). Outside-backs reached greater maximum speed than all other positions (24.9 km.h-1). The mean player load was highest in the back-row (562 AU) and second-row (555 AU) and these were higher than the outside-backs (476 AU). These findings indicate that the demands placed on female rugby players are position specific and differ from male players. Additionally, the data are the first obtained from the 10 Hz GPS and from within English domestic women’s rugby, thus adding to the overall limited data available on women’s rugby union.

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In young people, especially females, a high importance is placed on body image and physical appearance. Unfortunately, misperceptions of the ideal body shape can encourage a pre-occupation with weight loss strategies. Long-term, these strategies may lead to ill-health— anorexia nervosa (AN) is a condition where there is evidence of low body weight, a refusal to maintain body weight, a distorted body image, and menstrual dysfunction. This review focuses on screening techniques for identifying cardiovascular risk in patients with AN. Predictors of cardiac risk have not been robustly investigated in AN, consequently health professionals involved in cardiovascular risk screening may be reliant on screening methodologies that are based on anecdotal evidence. The current inability to accurately predict cardiac events and sudden cardiac death in chronically ill patients with enduring AN is a concern that requires greater national attention