No abstract

Background: The contemporary treatment of cleft lip and palate involves a sequence of surgical procedures and orthodontic management. Alveolar bone grafting (ABG) is usually undertaken after orthodontic expansion of the maxillary segments between the ages of eight and 12 years. Two of the important goals of alveolar bone grafting are the provision of bony support for the eruption of the canine and the closure of residual oro-nasal fistulae. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the root development and eruption of the canine following ABG. Methods: Group 1: radiographic and clinical records of a sample of 19 cleft patients who underwent alveolar bone grafting procedures, performed between 1996 and 1999 were reviewed. Group 2: a random sample of 15 cleft patients attending for routine dental review were clinically examined. The age of patient, degree of root development and eruption status of the canine, and presence of oronasal fistulae pre and post alveolar bone grafting were evaluated. Results: Most cleft canines had continued root development and descended in the alveolus towards eruption following ABG. Four canine teeth (8 per cent) were impacted and required surgical exposure and orthodontic treatment following failure of eruption. Closure of anterior oro-nasal fistulae at the time of grafting was maintained post-operatively. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that canine root development and eruption continued satisfactorily through grafted alveolar clefts in most cases and closure of anterior oro-nasal fistulae was achieved in all cases.

Animal models of ischemic stroke often neglect comorbidities common in patients. This study shows the feasibility of inducing stroke by 2 h of thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in aged (56 week old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with both acute (2 weeks) and chronic (36 weeks) diabetes. After modifying the streptozotocin dosing regimen to ensure that old SHRs survived the induction of diabetes, few died after induction of stroke. Induction of stroke is feasible in rats with multiple comorbidities. Inclusion of such comorbid animals may improve translation from the research laboratory to the clinic.