There is growing interest in technology that quantifies aspects of our lives. This paper draws on critical practice and speculative design to explore, question and problematise the ultimate consequences of such technology using the quantification of companion animals (pets) as a case study. We apply the concept of 'moving upstream' to study such technology and use a qualitative research approach in which both pet owners, and animal behavioural experts, were presented with, and asked to discuss, speculative designs for pet quantification applications, the design of which were extrapolated from contemporary trends. Our findings indicate a strong desire among pet owners for technology that has little scientific justification, whilst our experts caution that the use of technology to augment human-animal communication has the potential to disimprove animal welfare, undermine human-animal bonds, and create human-human conflicts. Our discussion informs wider debates regarding quantification technology.

The job of making courses of study is not so simple as it seems. The more one works in this field, the more complex tlie problem becomes. Before purchasing a suit of clothes, a watch, or a life insurance policy, it is customary for a person to have in mind certain standards which will guide in the selection. We mustdo the same thing in the case of a course of study. Before incorporating subject matter, we must set up certain principles or standards which will aid in sifting material. To secure any large number of subject-matter specialists and educators to agree upon such principles is exceedingly difficult. It is very much more difficult to secure an agreement as to the application of the principles in the evaluation of subject matter, especially where a liberal interpretation would mean the relegating of certain content of long standing to the graveyard and the substitution of oilier materials more in harmony witli the 'principles set up. It is not the purpose of this paper to present a discussion of the controversy between the conservatives and the liberals in relation to principles; neither will it enter into the arguments for the literal or implied application of the principles, once they are established. It is worth recalling that in relation to the life of their times, the disciples of Christ were radicals, and without the theory of implied powers in the constitution as interpreted by Chief Justice Marshall, it is exceedingly doubtful whether our infant government would have passed safely through the diseases of childhood to emerge a full-grown man.A major assumption upon which this investigation rests is that subject matter should enable pupils to perform better those de- to determine what is actually being done and discover the content which will make for greater efficiency; and fourth, see that this content is taught in some course of study which may be organized either on the subject or the activity basis.In the city of Denver, Colorado, where this investigation was carried on, it was found that reading the daily newspapers and weekly or monthly magazines was one of the major activities of junior and senior high-school pupils. The assumption was made that this was a desirable activity, and that it was the business of the school to make the pupils more efficient in performing it. Therefore the purpose of this study was

This paper presents a technique for configuring wastewater process simulations so that the hydraulic characteristics are similar to the real plant. Residence time distribution (RTD) tests are performed on two biological nutrient removal pilot plants. The RTD tests proved valuable for evaluating mixing effectiveness, volume utilisation and for determining an appropriate hydraulic topology for the dynamic models of the pilot plants. As a result of this work, simulation execution times became much faster due to a significant reduction in the number of effective stirred tanks required in the model. The work also identified short circuiting and dead zones in the pilot plants.

Palgrave Shakespeare Studies takes Shakespeare as its focus but strives to understand the signifi cance of his oeuvre in relation to his contemporaries, subsequent writers and historical and political contexts. By extending the scope of Shakespeare and English Renaissance Studies the series will open up the fi eld to examinations of previously neglected aspects or sources in the period's art and thought. Titles in the Palgrave Shakespeare Studies series seek to understand anew both where the literary achievements of the English Renaissance came from and where they have brought us. Co-founded by Gail Kern Paster.

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