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Current studies on the utilization of maternal care services in India focus on individual factors. In the present study, we use the theoretical model developed by Andersen and Newman (1973) to understand the utilization of maternal care services in rural areas of India. This theoretical model accommodates individual, and program (or system factors) to study health care utilization. Data collected through the National Family Health Survey-2 are used in the present study. The study results suggest that in addition to individual characteristics, program and system factors influence the utilization of maternal care in rural areas. Program factors, particularly educational activities promoting the benefits of maternal care services carried out through Mahila Mandal and Anganwadi Centers, are important in increasing the use of maternal care services in rural areas. Additionally, the results indicate that the mere presence of a private health care facility need not necessarily improve utilization. Increase in utilization is observed among households if the health worker visited these households during pregnancy. More statespecific studies incorporating both program and individual characteristics are recommended to further strengthen our understanding of the utilization of health care services in general and maternal care services specifically.

The children living in rural areas of India disproportionately suffer from malnutrition compared with their urban counterparts. The present article analyses the individual, household, community and programme factors on nutritional status of children in rural India. Additionally, we consider the random variances at village and state levels after introducing various observed individual-, household- and programme-level characteristics in the model. A multilevel model is conducted using data from the National Family and Health Survey 2. The results show that maternal characteristics, such as socio-economic and behavioural factors, are more influential in determining childhood nutritional status than the prevalence of programme factors. Also, it was found that individual factors show evidence of state- and village-level clustering of malnutrition.

The mass migrations, infrastructure decimation, and widespread impact zone make Hurricane Katrina an especially difficult disaster from which to recover. Employment is an important aspect of effective disaster recovery. The purpose of this article is to examine determinants of employment recovery approximately one month and one year after Hurricane Katrina. Copyright (c) 2008 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.

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