Eye gaze is an important social cue which is used to determine another person's focus of attention and intention to communicate. In combination with a fearful facial expression eye gaze can also signal threat in the environment. The ability to detect and understand others' social signals is essential in order to avoid danger and enable social evaluation. It has been a matter of debate when infants are able to use gaze cues and emotional facial expressions in reference to external objects. Here we demonstrate that by 3 months of age the infant brain differentially responds to objects as a function of how other people are reacting to them. Using event-related electrical brain potentials (ERPs), we show that an indicator of infants' attention is enhanced by an adult's expression of fear toward an unfamiliar object. The infant brain showed an increased Negative central (Nc) component toward objects that had been previously cued by an adult's eye gaze and frightened facial expression. Our results further suggest that infants' sensitivity cannot be due to a general arousal elicited by a frightened face with eye gaze directed at an object. The neural attention system of 3 month old infants is sensitive to an adult's eye gaze direction in combination with a fearful expression. This early capacity may lay the foundation for the development of more sophisticated social skills such as social referencing, language, and theory of mind.

The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between coping, stress and burnout in the South African Police Service. A survey design was used. The study population (N = 257) consisted of police personnel in Kwazulu-Natal. The COPE, Police Stress Inventory and Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (MBI-GS), were used as measuring instruments. Structural equation analysis showed that job demands (as stressors) are associated with exhaustion. Passive coping strategies contributed to exhaustion and cynicism, while seeking emotional support led to lower exhaustion. Exhaustion contributed to cynicism. Stress because of a lack of resources, active coping strategies and not coping passively seem to impact on professional efficacy. <p> <strong>Opsomming</strong> <br>Die doelstelling van hierdie navorsing was om die verband tussen coping, stres en uitbranding binne die Suid-Afrikaanse Polisiediens te ondersoek. ’n Opname-ontwerp is gebruik. Die studiepopulasie (N = 257) het bestaan uit polisiepersoneel in Kwazulu-Natal. Die COPE, die Polisiestres-Opname en die Maslach-uitbrandingsvraelys – Algemene Opname (MBI-GS) is as meetinstrumente gebruik. Strukturele vergelykingsmodellering het aangetoon dat werkseise (as stressore) geassosieer word met uitputting. Passiewe coping- strategieë het bygedra tot uitputting en sinisme, terwyl die soeke na emosionele ondersteuning tot laer uitputting gelei het. Uitputting het tot sinisme bygedra. Stres a.g.v. ’n tekort aan hulpbronne (invers), aktiewe coping-strategieë en passiewe coping-strategieë (invers) blyk ’n uitwerking op professionele doeltreffendheid te hê

Objective:The aim of this descriptive study was to examine Appalachian stakeholder attitudes toward routine memory screening, and to compare and contrast results from a similar study conducted in an ethnically diverse rural Florida cohort. Determining perceptions about memory screening is essential prior to developing culturally relevant programs for increasing early dementia detection and management among rural underserved older adults at risk of cognitive impairment. Benefits of early detection include ruling out other causes of illness and treating accordingly, delaying onset of dementia symptoms through behavior management and medications, and improving long-term care planning (Dubois, Padovani, Scheltens, Rossi, & Dell'Agnello, 2016). These interventions can potentially help to maintain independence, decrease dementia care costs, and reduce family burdens (Frisoni, et al., 2017).Method: Researchers applied a parallel mixed method design (Tashakkori & Newman, 2010) of semi-structured interviews, measurements of health literacy (REALM-SF) (Arozullah, et al., 2007), sociodemographics, and cognitive screening perceptions (PRISM-PC) (Boustani, et al., 2008), to examine beliefs and attitudes about memory screening among 22 FL and 21 WV rural stakeholders (residents, health providers, and administrators).Results: Findings included that > 90% participants across both cohorts were highly supportive of earlier dementia detection through routine screening regardless of sample characteristics. However, half of those interviewed were doubtful that provider care or assistance would be adequate for this terminal illness. Despite previous concerns of stigma associated with an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, rural providers are encouraged to educate patients and community members regarding Alzheimer's disease and offer routine cognitive screening and follow-through.

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There is scant research regarding barriers to cognitive screening in rural US populations. This is surprising when there is evidence of the importance of preventative health behaviors such as memory screening that can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and decrease in associated costs. A systematic review of published research revealed modifiable barriers to screening such as lack of knowledge and lack of knowledgeable providers to screen. Recommendations for diminishing barriers include the use of storytellers to provide culturally relevant education and informing practitioners of new Medicare coverage for cognitive screening.