No abstract

In the course of the present study 445 users of zoophilia forums were asked to complete an online survey measuring social anxiety, self-esteem and empathy. Comparisons between the recruited sample and existing classifications of zoophilia demonstrated that only about a half of the sample (51.5%) stated engaging in sexual activity with animals by answering detailed questions about the nature of their sexual interaction. A large part of the sample for example reported high self-esteem (85.7%) which is inconsistent with previous findings linking zoosexuality to a deficit in selfesteem. In consideration of the findings a new classification of Zoophilia is proposed.

Background: Several studies have assessed whether physical activity interventions can reduce substance use in young people at risk of problematic substance use. This report identifies and describes the reporting of implementation characteristics within published studies of physical activity interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use and provides recommendations for future reporting. Methods: Reported implementation strategies (including intervention manualization), barriers, implementation fidelity, and personnel acceptance were extracted from studies of physical activity interventions for young people aged 12-15 years at risk of problematic substance use that were included in a previous systematic review of intervention efficacy. Results: Implementation strategies were reported in less than half of the included studies (42.9%), implementation barriers in only 10.7% of studies, intervention fidelity in 21.4%, and personnel acceptance in a single study (3.6%). Conclusions: Results indicate insufficient reporting of implementation strategies, barriers, fidelity, and personnel acceptance. Consideration of implementation characteristics is essential for implementing physical activity interventions in practice. Inadequate or limited reporting of these characteristics may contribute to delayed uptake and adoption of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice. Recommendations to improve reporting of implementation information include: integrating standards for reporting implementation characteristics into existing reporting guidelines, developing an international taxonomy of implementation strategies, and upskilling intervention researchers in the fundamentals of implementation science.