Previous research suggests that people subscribe to ethnocentric ' 'mirror images" of their own country and enemy countries-one's own country is believed moral, whereas one's enemy is believed diabolical. The present research examined the role of value-guided attributions in maintaining those images, whereby the actions of one's own country are attributed to altruistic motives but the identical actions taken by an enemy are attributed to self-serving motives. In two experiments, American students made value-guided attributions consistent with the moral self-image and the diabolical enemy-image. In a third experiment, by contrast, Canadian subjects attributed Soviet and American actions to the same motives, with the exception that only the United States was perceived as engaging in positive actions for self-serving reasons.The focus of the research reported here is on how people maintain the ethnocentric illusions described by Bronfenbrenner (1961) as the "mirror image" in U.S.-Soviet relations. What evidence can they muster in defense of

While governments in sub-Saharan Africa work to provide in-country relief for the HIV/AIDS crisis, much health care and infrastructure comes from local or international non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The literature on NGOs suggests that collaboration increases their efficacy. Many non-Catholic NGOs do not work collaboratively with Catholic NGOs on HIV/ AIDS, though the Catholic Church has rich and varied resources at its disposal for relief work. Observers often characterize the incompatibility of Catholic and non-Catholic NGOs as tactical, especially with regard to condom use. However, divergent issue framing is a critical and more fundamental distinction between the two groups. Contrasting the Catholic Church's unique spiritual frame with the scientific frame of many non-Catholic NGOs highlights the epistemological and teleological differences between the two. Reconciling these differing approaches, or finding ways to cooperate despite them, is a key element of promoting broader NGO collaboration on HIV/AIDS relief work. This theoretical analysis suggests directions for future empirical research.

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<p>Agriculture is one of the most vulnerable sectors to changes in climate patterns. Moreover, climate change is a complex and interdisciplinary problem, where natural processes are closely intertwined with socio-economic aspects, especially in areas where human activities are widespread. Thus, when planning for natural resources management, it becomes essential to consider how storylines, attitudes and behaviours can influence the decision-making towards adaptation measures. In particular, when considering an agricultural system, farmers are key agents that cannot be neglected, as the decision to adapt or to change their agricultural practice is ultimately in the hands of the individuals. Understanding the reasoning behind farmer adaptation can help create a sounder framework to recognize farmers’ awareness and experiences regarding climate change, while reinforcing their resilience to face climate change scenarios. Consequently, finding patterns in attitudes and similarities between farmers is essential both to better share an overall picture of climate change effects and perspectives in a specific study area and to summarize the complex set of factors influencing farmers’ behaviours to facilitate their modelling.</p> <p>Different tools and methods have been provided by the literature in the last two decades to delve into farmers’ attitudes and perspectives regarding climate change. One of the most used tools are structured surveys, mainly due to their strongly case-specific nature and the capacity to synthesize climate change scenarios in a standardized way. Here, we provide an overview of the results obtained through a survey of 460 farmers from northern Italy about climate change risk awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptive capacity. In addition to a descriptive statistical analysis to delve into farmers’ profiles and farming characteristics, this triple-loop approach was analysed through Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), an interesting data analysis technique that allows to highlight underlying structures in categorical data used to recap farmers’ behaviours and define the association between dependent and independent variables. The resulting factor map allows for the identification of those variables that most explain the variance in the dataset and expected similarities and differences between respondents. The obtained results show how certain variables describing the agricultural practice of the respondents, such as farm extension or the preferred irrigation method, are key driving factors in differentiating and grouping individuals’ behaviour. In general, farmers with the same <em>modus operandi</em> share similar behaviour with respect to other aspects of their activity (e.g., water source). Interestingly, and contradicting similar experiences from the literature, this pattern differs among farmers with comparable demographic background, requiring more attention to farmers’ heuristics. These results can be useful in multiple ways: from creating an informative picture of farmers’ attitudes and concerns regarding climate change in a certain area, to its application in profiling farmers to identify common demands and shared worries; from helping with the creation of customized policies at the regional scale from a bottom-up approach, to the implementation of farmers’ profiles into Agent-Based Models to reinforce the human dimension in decision-making processes.</p>