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The use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiling as a tool for forming a link between an individual and a crime sample is a well-established forensic biology technique. Though nuclear DNA typing is considered the gold standard method, certain evidence types have limited nuclear DNA available, such as telogen hairs and ancient or degraded remains, for which mtDNA analysis may be required. Traditionally mtDNA typing has been carried out using

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Allele and genotype frequencies for the HLA DQA.1 locus were determined for 127 unrelated Caucasians, 177 unrelated Maori and 98 unrelated Pacific Islanders from the New Zealand population. DNA from blood cells was analysed by polymerase chain reaction amplification of DNA followed by hybridization to allele specific oligonucleotide probes in a reverse dot-blot test. Allele frequencies at the HLA DQA.1 locus for New Zealand Caucasians, Maori and Pacific Islanders were compared with published data for other populations. The distribution of HLA DQA.1 genotype frequencies did not deviate from Hardy Weinberg expectations for the Caucasian and Maori populations. The power of discrimination was 0.93 for Caucasians and 0.86 for Maori. The total Pacific Islander population tested was analysed as was data obtained from Western Polynesians contained within that larger group. Both the total Pacific Islander group analysed, and the Western Polynesians contained within that larger group, failed Hardy Weinberg expectations for the distribution of HLA DQA.1 genotypes. This significant deviation was due to excess homozygotes. The power of discrimination for the total Pacific Islander group and for Western Polynesians was 0.86 and 0.85 respectively. Comparison of Caucasian population studies from New Zealand, the United Kingdom, South Australia, Norway, the United States and Sweden showed these populations have similar HLA DQA.1 allele frequency distributions. Maori and Pacific Islanders have HLA DQA.1 allele frequency distributions that are more similar to each other than any of the other populations studied.

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