The wilderness is one of the most widely recognized sources of transcendent emotion. Various recent studies have demonstrated nature’s power to induce intense emotions. The study at hand will generate conceptual and operational definitions of sublime emotion toward nature. Taking into consideration the recent research on feelings of awe, an instrument is devised to measure sublime emotion toward nature. The proposed scale’s reliability and validity is tested in a sample of 280 participants from the general population of Madrid. Results show that sublime emotion was defined by two conceptual components: awe, and inspiring energy, both obtained using the computer program FACTOR. After reliability and validity analysis, the Sublime Emotion toward Nature (SEN) scale included 18 items, distributed into awe (6 items, α = 0.881) and inspiring energy (12 items, α = 0.933). Awe was defined by feelings of fear, threat, vulnerability, fragility, and respect for nature, which is perceived as vast, powerful, and mysterious. Inspiring energy was defined by feelings of vitality, joy, energy, oneness, freedom, eternity, and harmony with the universe. The SEN is an adequate instrument to measure transcendent emotions provoked by direct wilderness exposure or memory thereof.

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Esta es la versión de autor del artículo publicado en: This is an author produced version of a paper published in: El acceso a la versión del editor puede requerir la suscripción del recurso Access to the published version may require subscriptionIt is crucial to study environmental attitudes and behavior in populations of children, considering that the envi ronment's future will depend on the decisions of coming generations (Larson, Green, & Castleberry, 2011;van Petegem & Blieck, 2006). However, little is known about children's environmental attitudes, how they develop, or the variables that influence them. The dearth of reliable instruments to measure such atti tudes is, in part, why progress in this field has been so slow (Evans et al., 2007;Manoli, Johnson, & Dunlap, 2007). This stands in contrast to the great many studies of environmental attitudes in adults. One of the most widelyused instruments measuring adults' ecolog ical beliefs is the New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) scale by Dunlap and van Liere (1978). According to the New Environmental Paradigm, worldviews are shifting from anthropocentric to ecocentric, the latter of which considers human beings' impact on nature and sug gests limits be placed on growth. The NEP scale consists of 12 items and was created to measure people's affinity for this ecocentric perspective. It was later revised to include a similar number of items in favor of and against the ecocentric view it aims to detect, to incorporate more uptodate environmental problems, and to revise the terminology used in certain items (Dunlap, van Liere, Mertig, & Jones, 2000), giving way to the New Ecological Paradigm: NEP revised. The revised scale is made up of 15 items whose content describes, in five parts, the humannature relationship: 1) ecological limits, 2) antianthropocentrism, 3) balance of nature, 4) antiexceptionalism, and 5) ecocrisis. The NEP scale has been utilized, among other things, to link ecological beliefs to proenvironmental behavior. It has been established that the NEP scale is positively associated with human ecological behavior. For example, Vozmediano and San Juan (2005) found that the NEP scale's ecocentrism dimension is positively correlated with the frequency with which people perform ecolog ical behaviors (r = .12, p < .01) and positive outcomes from those behaviors (r = .28, p < .01). It is negatively correlated, meanwhile, with the effort involved in such behavior (r = −.20, p < .01). Similarly, Olli, Grendstad, and Wollebaek (2001) showed, through multiple regression analysis, that the NEP, together with other variables like family income and environmental knowledge, is able to predict different types of ecological behavior, such as responsible consumption (b = 0.58, β = .09; p < .01) and conservation of resources (b = 0.64, β =.10; p < .01).Hawcroft and Milfont (2010) conducted a metaanalysis of the NEP's use in over 300 studies since 1970. The authors recommend using it as a standardized mea sure of environmental attitudes, and point out just one study wher...

Several studies have shown that when children's attention capacity is diminished, they cannot focus, they find it hard to cope with stressful situations and they become more likely to take unnecessary risks. A large number of studies have demonstrated that natural environments boost the restoration of attention capacity more than urban or semi urban environments. Hence, several instruments have been used to measure perceived restoration in adults in different environments; however, little attention has been paid to designing tools to measure children's perceived restoration. In this study, the Perceived Restorative Components Scale for Children (Bagot, Kuo & Allen, 2007) has been adapted to a Spanish sample. It has been used with 832 children aged between 6 and 13 years old. The results show that it is important to include nature in school playgrounds, since playgrounds with a greater amount of nature in them (trees, ground vegetation, etc.) have a higher positive effect on children's perceived restoration.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rol moderador de la sensibilidad emocional y los estilos de afrontamiento en la relación estrés-salud en médicos venezolanos. La muestra estuvo conformada por 130 médicos que trabajan en unidades críticas de hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Caracas, a quienes se evaluó su nivel de estrés laboral, sensibilidad emocional, estilos de afrontamiento y salud percibida. Las regresiones jerárquicas indicaron que los estilos de afrontamiento racional y por desapego emocional actúan como variables protectoras de los síntomas físicos, mientras que el afrontamiento por evitación constituye un factor de riesgo que acentúa los efectos negativos del estrés sobre la salud. El afrontamiento por evitación fue la única variable que actuó como moderadora de la relación entre el control percibido y los síntomas psicológicos. La sensibilidad emocional no mostró un efecto moderador, pero pudo establecerse su impacto directo sobre los síntomas. El estudio brinda nueva evidencia empírica para los modelos de sensibilidad emocional y afrontamiento para el estudio de las diferencias individuales en los profesionales de la medicina en Venezuela.