Begomoviruses and associated DNA satellites are involved in pathosystems that include many cultivated and wild dicot plants and the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci. A survey of leguminous plants, both crops and wild species, was conducted in Venezuela, an understudied country, to determine the presence of begomoviruses. Molecular analysis identified the presence of bipartite begomoviruses in 37% of the collected plants. Four of the six begomoviruses identified constituted novel species, and two others had not been previously reported in Venezuela. In addition, a novel deltasatellite (cabbage leaf curl deltasatellite, CabLCD) was found to be associated with cabbage leaf curl virus (CabLCV) in several plant species. CabLCD was the first deltasatellite found to infect legumes and the first found in the New World to infect a crop plant. Agroinoculation experiments using Nicotiana benthamiana plants and infectious viral clones confirmed that CabLCV acts as a helper virus for CabLCD. The begomovirus–deltasatellite complex described here is also present in wild legume plants, suggesting the possible role of these plants in the emergence and establishment of begomoviral diseases in the main legume crops in the region. Pathological knowledge of these begomovirus–deltasatellite complexes is fundamental to develop control methods to protect leguminous crops from the diseases they cause.
Entre diciembre 2006 y mayo 2007 se estudió la transmisión de un aislado del Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) por Bemisia tabaci a algunas especies de solanáceas cultivadas y silvestres para evaluarlas como posibles hospederas de dicho virus. Plantas de Solanum lycopersicum L., S. melongena L., S. hirtum Vahl, S. sisymbriifolium Lam., Datura stramonium L., D. inoxia Mill. Physalis angulata L. y P. ixocarpa Brot. se expusieron individualmente durante 48 horas a adultos de B. tabaci criados sobre plantas de tomate enfermas. Como control se utilizaron plantas de las mismas especies, expuestas a adultos criados sobre plantas de algodón libre del Begomovirus. Posteriormente, las plantas se mantuvieron dentro de jaulas a prueba de B. tabaci, sobre las cuales se hicieron observaciones para detectar síntomas hasta 30 días post-período de exposición al vector. Luego se tomaron muestras de ápices foliares para determinaciones del virus mediante PCR. Sólo se observaron síntomas de infección por TYLCV en S. lycopersicum y D. stramonium a los 12 y 13 días respectivamente, alcanzando el 100% de las plantas evaluadas. Infección por TYLCV fue corroborada a través de PCR. En el resto de las plantas expuestas a moscas infectadas además de no mostrar síntomas, el virus no fue detectado por PCR. En observaciones adicionales se detectó que el insecto no formó colonias sobre D. inoxia y S. sisymbriifolium. Estos resultados aportan información acerca de las especies de hospederas de ese aislado de TYLCV en Venezuela, país donde se reportó recientemente por primera vez este virus para Suramérica.
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