This paper aims to solve the difficulties in job-shop scheduling, a key determinant of production cost and economic effectiveness of manufacturing enterprises. For this purpose, the existing job-shop scheduling problems were introduced, the internal and external uncertainties that may influence the scheduling plan in actual production were enumerated, and the corresponding scheduling and rescheduling strategies were reviewed one by one. Then, the flexible job-shop model was established under uncertainties, the mathematical models were created considering such three uncertainties as the discrete makespan, rush order cut-in and machine failure, and the proactive-reactive scheduling strategy was proposed against emergencies or uncertainties. Finally, the proactive-reactive scheduling strategy, developed based on the uncertainty theory, was proved effective and feasible through the simulation experiments on scheduling optimization under machine failure and rush order cut-in. The research findings shed new light on the production planning and scheduling strategy of manufacturing enterprises.

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