For the first time, abundant natural carbon-based dots were found and studied in humic substances (HS). Four soluble HS including three humic acids (HA) from different sources and one fulvic acids (FA) were synthetically studied. Investigation results indicate that all the four HS contain large quantities of Carbon-based dots. Carbon-based dots are mainly small-sized graphene oxide nano-sheets or oxygen-containing functional group-modified graphene nano-sheets with heights less than 1 nm and lateral sizes less than 100 nm. Carbon-based nanomaterials not only contain abundant sp2-clusters but also a large quantity of surface states, exhibiting unique optical and electric properties, such as excitation-dependent fluorescence, surface states-originated electrochemiluminescence, and strong electron paramagnetic resonance. Optical and electric properties of these natural carbon-based dots have no obvious relationship to their morphologies, but affected greatly by their surface states. Carbon-based dots in the three HS have relative high densities of surface states whereas the FA has the lowest density of surface states, resulting in their different fluorescence properties. The finding of carbon-based dots in HS provides us new insight into HS, and the unique optical properties of these natural carbon-based dots may give HS potential applications in areas such as bio-imaging, bio-medicine, sensing and optoelectronics.

A simple method has been developed for the preparation of silver nanoparticles/carbon based quantum dot nano-hybrids for surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates.

Fullerene‐structural carbon‐based dots (f‐CDs) are synthesized for the first time by chemically oxidizing fullerene molecules (C60) using concentrated HNO3. The lateral sizes of the f‐CDs distribute in the range of 7–20 nm, and the heights mainly range from 0.4 to 1.3 nm with an average value of 0.7 nm. The presence of massive pentagonal carbon units makes the f‐CDs different from most of graphitic‐CDs in structure and morphology. The f‐CDs exhibit unique luminescent properties such as photoluminescence (PL) and electrochemiluminescence. Based on the investigation of the UV–vis absorption and luminescent properties, a novel and reasonable model is proposed for the PL mechanism of f‐CDs. Furthermore, the obtained f‐CDs show low cytotoxicity and have potential application in cell imaging.