No abstract

Public participation is an emergent feature of urban governance in Nanjing, China. Though introduced to address social conflicts around urban redevelopment, the fact is that government-led public participation did not successfully soothe tensions, but resistance instead played a role like ‘public participation’ which influenced the governing processes. This Chinese case thus requires us to rethink the limitations of Western governance theories in explaining this Chinese story. With the purpose to research urban political studies beyond the West to have more plural and heterodox voices to depict a diversity of urban knowledge, this paper focuses on this heterodox phenomenon in China to understand how Chinese insurgent urbanism reconfigured and made a new form of urban governance. Through critical investigation of public participation in Nanjing, this paper argues that public participation is the buffer that mediates and ‘repairs’ the inconsistencies between different levels of governmental agencies, while also because of this disjointed and stratified administrative feature, resisting by appropriating government policies thus can influence the governing processes and become a way of ‘informal public participation’. By introducing the concept of ‘informal public participation’, this paper’s research findings shed light on governance studies about how participatory governance is made through both governmental approaches and bottom-up insurgent urbanism, and also illustrates how resistance can reshuffle power dominance in urban politics to make a new form of urban governance.

If gentrification is occurring globally, we must understand the uneven intervention of globalisation in the production of a (global) gentrifier class. This paper adopts a comparative perspective to investigate the ‘new middle class’ within China’s urban context. Through the critical examination of subtle retailing changes, it discusses how recent place-making strategies have fabricated the aura of ‘authenticity’ built upon the history of traditional residential neighbourhoods, attracting gentrifiers, whose consumption practices have transformed the retail space of a gentrified historic neighbourhood. Using Nanjing as a case study by employing qualitative research methods, this study shows that the Chinese new middle classes have yearned for modern and elitist lifestyles, with a preference for consuming Western-style goods to manifest their distinctive tastes and social status. This paper’s research findings propose the concept of Xiaozi consumption, a specific term that challenges Western-developed concepts of ‘consuming authenticity’ by highlighting the planetary indigeneity of gentrification in the Global South.