The landscape spatial pattern with large scale has been the research focus of the landscape ecology recently, but few researches pay attention to that how to choose a perspective to study the characteristics of the landscape pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for its unique topography and the alpine ecosystem. This paper takes the 2010 Western Mapping Data as the main data source and uses GIS as research platform. The method of choosing river basin as statistical analysis unit to extract landscape indices was put forward and the theory of landscape ecology was applied to analyze the landscape spatial pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and to explore the relationship of the indices of landscape patterns and the terrain factors. The results show that this method can reflect the unique characteristics of the landscape pattern of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which can help landscape ecological planning and protecting. Besides, it can offer reference and help for optimizing the resources allocation adjusting the agriculture structure and developing ecological agriculture.