Mutations of the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2) gene predispose to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). 290 idiopathic (I)PAH patients and 15 heritable (H)PAH were screened to determine the spectrum and rate of BMPR2 mutations in a large Chinese patient group.Gene sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA1) were used to detect sequence mutations and large rearrangements (RGTs). Total mutation rate was 14.5% (n542 out of 290) in Chinese IPAH patients, and 53.3% (n58 out of 15) in HPAH patients. RGT mutation rate was 3.1% (n57 out of 229) and represented 14% (n57 out of 50) of all identified mutations. 25 BMPR2 mutations were newly identified.Patients in this study were younger than other reported PAH subjects. BMPR2 mutation carriers were ,6 yrs younger at diagnosis than noncarriers (p50.002), but this relationship was significant only in the female group, which was larger. The proportion of females carrying a BMPR2 mutation was half that of males (12.8% versus 25.3%; p50.008).Our results indicate that the overall genetics of Chinese PAH patients is similar to that of other populations, but the clinical picture differs by the precocity of the disease in the whole patient group, and the lower proportion of females found to carry a BMPR2 mutation.