Interfacial tension of methane + water with surfactant near the hydrate formation conditions were measured using the pendant-drop method at 273.2 K and 278.8 K and in the pressure range of (0.4 to 9.5) MPa. The concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were 100 ppm, 300 ppm, 500 ppm, 700 ppm, and 1000 ppm. It was found that the interfacial tension of the solutions decreases steeply with the addition of SDS. When the SDS concentration is about 500 ppm, the surfactant concentration reaches a critical micellar concentration of the methane + water solution. Surfactant molecules associate as micelles, and the interfacial tension remains constant with further increase in SDS concentration.
Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), typically constructed with metallic nodes and organic linkers, have influenced the development of modular solid materials. Their adjustable molecular structure provides a remarkable variety of MOF‐based solid‐state structures towards diverse applications. However, the low conductivity of traditional MOFs extremely hinders their applications in electronic and electrochemical devices. The emerging conductive MOFs, generally possessing two‐dimensional layered structures, are endowed with both the structural merits of common MOFs and exceptional electronic/ionic conductivities. Besides, the selection and optimization of ligands and metal centers, as well as synthetic methods enormously affects the intrinsic conductivity of conductive MOFs. The distinctive crystal structures and superb conductivity promise their appealing applications in electrochemical energy‐related fields. In the review, we mainly summarize representative crystal features, conducting mechanisms and recent advances in rational design and synthesis of conductive MOFs, along with their versatile applications as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors and rechargeable batteries, and as catalysts towards electrocatalysis. Finally, the involved challenges and future trends/prospects of the conductive MOFs for electrochemical energy‐related applications are further proposed.
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