SUMMARY. The aim of the work was to study the BEA score (Baseline Event-anticipation score) and its correlation with biological signs of liver laboratory syndromes in the patients with chronic hepatitis B and Delta.There were investigated prospectively 58 Caucasian patients with chronic hepatitis B and Delta (CHD), 28 women and 30 men, and 10 Caucasian patients with viral liver cirrhosis Delta (LCD). BEA score was estimated using the online calculator (http://hepatitis-delta.org/physicians-and-scientists/calculators/).There was estimated the BEA score and the indicators of the biological liver syndromes were studied. The correlation analysis was performed (after Spearman) between the score values of BEA parameters and the biological liver syndromes.It was established the direct correlation of the BEA score with the values of the levels of serum gamma-glutamyl transferees and with the serum total bilirubin in patients with HCD. In patients with LCD there was determined direct correlation of the BEA score with the total bilirubin and inverse correlation with the serum albumin values.We recommend modifying the BEA score by adding the albumin and GGT as predictors for developing complications related to liver disease.

This review examines information from systematic reviews and meta-analyses, research studies, and case reports to present current knowledge about liver damage in pregnant patients having Covid-19 during pregnancy. Problems with diagnosis and differential diagnosis are examined in the context of the need to rule out other causes of liver dysfunction, including pregnancy-related liver disease. In this paper we give an overview of COVID-19 liver problems during pregnancy. Mechanisms of liver involvement in COVID-19 infection are being examined. An overview of the assessment of abnormal liver biological syndromes in pregnant patients is provided. Differential diagnostic algorithms for primary liver damage established in a pregnant woman in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic are presented. Challenges in diagnosis and etiology assessment methods and customized management options are described. The management of pregnant women with hepatic dysfunction onset on the Covid-19 background and subsequently aggravated is discussed. The importance of anticoagulant therapy as an essential measure of symptomatic management of Covid-19 in pregnant women is emphasized, as both pregnancy and COVID-19 are thrombogenic. Hypercoagulability appears to adversely affect the pregnant women liver with Covid-19 and post Covid-19 and anticoagulant therapy has benefits in the management of liver damage associated with Covid-19. The COVID-19 liver problems in a 33-year-old woman who was not vaccinated for Covid-19, without a history of chronic liver disease, was tested positive for Covid-19 at 33 weeks of gestation is discussed. The report of the diagnostics, differential diagnosis, and management questions in the context of liver dysfunction manifested by a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase cytolysis syndrome. The positive effect of anticoagulant therapy in resolving cytolytic syndrome is emphasized. The good maternal and perinatal result is also mentioned.

Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease associated with disorders of nutrient assimilation and, as a result, with significant changes in the nutritional status. All patients with acute pancreatitis should be considered at nutritional risk and should be screened using validated screening methods. The optimal nutritional treatment for acute pancreatitis has been debated for decades. The traditional approach was "nothing in the mouth", only parenteral nutrition until the acute symptoms disappear and the level of serum pancreatic enzymes decreases. However, this tactic can contribute to various complications, starting with malnutrition and ending with sepsis due to damage of the intestinal mucosa. Clinical trials and meta-analyses have shown that patients with acute pancreatitis can tolerate oral nutrition and that oral / enteral nutrition is associated with a shorter hospital stay and a lower rate of complications compared to solely parenteral. Therefore, early oral nutrition with a low-fat "soft food" is recommended. In case of oral feeding intolerance, enteral nutrition is preferable, but not parenteral supply. A combination of enteral and parenteral nutrition may be recommended in patients who do not tolerate a sufficient amount of enteral nutrition. Malnutrition in chronic pancreatitis cannot be detected using BMI alone, and a detailed nutritional assessment is required, including assessment of symptoms and organic functions, anthropometry, and biochemical tests. Nutritional therapy in chronic pancreatitis should be multifactorial and based on abstinence from alcohol and nicotine, and diet modification. International guidelines no longer recommend severe dietary fat restriction; on the contrary, a physiological diet is recommended, but with adequate replacement of pancreatic enzymes. In case of intolerance to physiological nutrition, a low-fat diet with oral nutritional supplements is recommended to replenish energy and nutrients. This is a review of recent studies and guidelines on nutrition in pancreatitis for physicians and medical trainees.