Among the scientists of European greatness, who at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries showed interest to the folklore of Galicia (Halychyna) and Galician Ukrainians, contributed to their national and cultural revival, one of the leading places is occupied by the outstanding Ukrainian scientist Ivan Verkhratskyi (in some other sources – Verkhratsky). He was both naturalist and philologist, as well as folklorist and ethnographer, organizer of scientific work, publisher and popularizer of Ukrainian literature, translator, publicist and famous public figure. I. H. Verkhratskyi was also an outstanding researcher of plants and animals of Eastern Galicia, a connoisseur of insects, especially butterflies, the author of the first school textbooks on natural science written in Ukrainian. The scientist also wrote poetry and translated from foreign languages. The article covers the life and scientific and pedagogical activities of I. H. Verkhratskyi – one of the founders of Ukrainian natural science, who made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian natural terminology and nomenclature, the author of the first textbooks on botany, zoology, mineralogy. The authors believe that I. H. Verkhratskyi can be considered one of the founders of Ukrainian scientific terminology in Natural Science, and today his works in this area remain relevant. These works are also valuable from the historical and cognitive points of view as one of the sources for studying the process of formation of the Ukrainian literary language and scientific and natural terminology. I. H. Verkhratskyi devoted himself to the establishment of the Ukrainian literary language, its scientific and journalistic backgrounds, and made a significant contribution to lexicography, dialectology, and schooling. Based on the scientific publications and memoirs of his colleagues and students, the authors have recreated the main stages of his biography and considered his professional career. His activity in the field of formation of natural science terminology have been considered in detail. Dialectological materials of the scientist and researcher I. H. Verkhratskyi are still actively used to study the Galician and Transcarpathian dialects. His achievements as a scientist, teacher and popularizer of science has been summarized.

World War I proved air forces to be a critical driver for warfare outcomes. Mastery of the latest technology appeared to be crucial to the battle’s success. The combat capabilities of airplanes improved manifold due to the increased power of aircraft engines, thus initiating a new era in aeronautics. By July 1917, the aviation of the Russian Empire included 91 air squadrons and 5 units of heavy multi-engine aircraft known as Ilya Muromets. Several enterprises, including the town of Aleksandrovsk, were manufacturing engines for these planes. The origin of engine production in Aleksandrovsk was associated with the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures called Deka. The article aims at analyzing the prerequisites and conditions for the foundation of an aircraft engine enterprise in Ukraine. While drafting the article, the authors relied on chronological, historiographical, and other historical methods of research, which have been widely used both in considering the contribution and influence of certain individuals and reviewing the stages of creation and development of separate enterprises, as well as specific industries. Based on the retrospective analysis, the prerequisites and conditions of the foundation of the aircraft engine enterprise in Aleksandrovsk, Ukraine, were considered. There was a severe gap between the Russian Empire and European countries in the development pace of the aviation industry during World War I. This prompted the Russian Empire to raise foreign capital, as well as attract technologies and specialists to develop aircraft engineering and other industries. By 1917, the plant had gained the status of Russia’s largest engine-building enterprise in terms of building area and one of the best in equipment. It is evident that the beginning of aircraft engine production in Aleksandrovsk relates to the establishment of a branch of Petrograd Joint Stock Company of Electromechanical Structures and the plant’s purchase from the Moznaim brothers.

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена тим, що сучасна епоха – це час динамічних змін, соціально-економічних та інформаційних процесів, які розвиваються стрімко і часто хаотично. Метою дослідження було встановити, що менеджмент у сфері культури – це інтегрована система, що заснована на взаємодії різних структур і організацій з державою і суспільством, зовнішнім середовищем і ринками збуту, системою маркетингу і PR-технологіями, наукою і освітою, а підготовка менеджерів соціокультурної сфери є складним і комплексним завданням сучасної вищої школи. Об’єкт дослідження – особливості контенту освітніх програм з підготовки менеджерів у сфері культури. У роботі виконано такі дослідницькі завдання: 1) досліджено менеджмент сфери культури, як інтегровану систему; 2) проаналізовано особливості взаємодії менеджменту сфери культури різних структур і організацій з державою і суспільством, зовнішнім середовищем і ринками збуту, системою маркетингу і PR-технологіями, наукою і освітою; 3) доведено за допомогою трендового аналізу та опитування, що підготовка менеджерів соціокультурної сфери є складним і комплексним завданням сучасного освітнього процесу для інтеграції. Запропоновано можливі зміни для освітніх програм підготовки менеджерів соціокультурної сфери. У дослідженні використані загальнонаукові методи, а саме: аналітичний, індуктивний, дедуктивний, метод порівняння та синтезу. У практичній частині за допомогою трендового аналізу встановлено, що освітні програми з підготовки менеджерів соціокультурної сфери зазвичай мають кілька паралельних напрямів.