Persisting vertical transmission, there are signs that the quality of prenatal and neonatal care should be restructured.

Objective : Many studies have demonstrated a high frequency of dental anomalies in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Because dental anomalies may complicate dental treatment, we investigated the prevalence of dental anomalies in a group of Brazilian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate. Design, Participants, Setting : Retrospective analysis was performed using clinical records of 296 patients aged between 12 and 30 years with repaired nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate without history of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment. Associations between oral clefts and presence of dental anomalies outside the cleft area were investigated. Results : Dental anomalies were identified in 39.9% of the nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients, and tooth agenesis (47.5%), impacted tooth (13.1%), and microdontia (12.7%) were the most common anomalies. Cleft lip patients were less affected by dental anomalies compared with cleft palate or cleft lip and palate patients (p  =  .057). Specifically, patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were significantly more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate (p  =  .00002), and individuals with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (p  =  .002) and complete cleft palate (p  =  .01) were significantly more affected by tooth agenesis than other cleft types. Agenesis of the premolars (p  =  .043) and maxillary lateral incisors (p  =  .03) were significantly more frequent in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Conclusions : The present study revealed a high frequency of dental anomalies in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate patients and further demonstrated that patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were frequently more affected by dental anomalies than those with bilateral cleft lip and palate. Moreover, our results demonstrate that dental anomalies should be considered during dental treatment planning for individuals affected by nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate.

Aims: Previous studies have demonstrated that tumor-stroma ratio (TSR) and tumor budding are of prognostic value for oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Herein we evaluated the prognostic significance of those histological parameters, individually and in combination, for OSCC.Methods: TSR and tumor budding (the presence of ≥ 5 buds at the invasive front) were estimated in 254 patients with OSCC. The clinicopathological association was investigated using a chi-square test, and the prognostic significance (cancer-specific survival and disease-free survival) was verified by Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard model.Results: TSR (≥ 50%, stroma-rich) was significantly and independently associated with both shortened cancer-specific survival and poor disease-free survival, whereas tumor budding significantly reduced cancer-specific survival. The TSR/tumor budding model was independently associated with a high-risk of cancer-mortality and recurrence (disease-free survival). In patients with early-stage tumors (clinical stage I and II, n=103), TSR, tumor budding and the TSR/tumor budding model were significantly associated with both cancer-related death and recurrence, while in advanced-stage tumors (clinical stage III and IV, n=144), only TSR and the TSR/tumor budding model were significantly associated with cancer-specific survival.Conclusions: TSR, tumor budding and their combination provide significant information on OSCC outcome, suggesting that their incorporation into the routine evaluation of histopathological specimens might be useful in the prognostication of OSCC patients.

The current findings suggest a correlation between dental alterations and mutations in the runt domain of RUNX2 in CCD patients. Further clinical and genetic studies are needed to clarify the relationship between phenotypes and genotypes in CCD and to identify other factors that might influence the clinical features of this uncommon disease.

Our findings are consistent with a lack of involvement of IRF6 rs2235371 and rs642961 polymorphisms in the NSCL/P pathogenesis in the Brazilian population.