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Trade contacts in the intermediate market, or intermediate trade contacts (ITC), are transactional capital resources. They are measured by business-to-business purchases or sales. The objective of this work is to evaluate the impact of ITC sales on the sustained competitive advantage of hotels and restaurants, ‘HotRests’, in EU countries. In a resource-based view framework, only valuable (above-normal) and rare (concentrated) ITC become relevant. Using EU input–output tables and applying the supply-driven model, the relationships between the multiplier and the valuable and rare resources are identified. The main finding is that ‘HotRests' have the opportunity to manage their business-to-business relationships as a resource asset-flow to speed up innovation processes and defend their competitive advantage.

The main aim of this paper is to highlight the evolution of urban and peri-urban networks in view of their use by dwellers and visitors. It considers the knowledge as a part of a hidden permanent education form, and as a prerequisite for full enjoyment of available culture, sport and health facilities. Although, the objectives of the inhabitants and tourists are very different, their basic structural needs and the underlying methodology have common characteristics. In this prospective, the central element is the ability to build networks that connect the nodes of interest, which are functional (services at various levels), cultural (historical and artistic emerging features), and leisure (dedicated sport facilities and locations). Furthermore, the paper investigates the paths and times of networks connections, providing particular attention to multipurpose trips consistence of either dwellers or tourists.

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