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Summary The prevalence of diabetes in China has increased rapidly from 0.67% in 1980 to 10.4% in 2013, with the aging of the population and westernization of lifestyle. Since its foundation in 1991, the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) has been dedicated to improving academic exchange and the academic level of diabetes research in China. From 2003 to 2014, four versions of Chinese diabetes care guidelines have been published. The guidelines have played an important role in standardizing clinical practice and improving the status quo of diabetes prevention and control in China. Since September 2016, the CDS has invited experts in cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric diseases, nutrition, and traditional Chinese medicine to work with endocrinologists from the CDS to review the new clinical research evidence related to diabetes over the previous 4 years. Over a year of careful revision, this has resulted in the present, new version of guidelines for prevention and care of type 2 diabetes in China. The main contents include epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in China; diagnosis and classification of diabetes; primary, secondary, and tertiary diabetes prevention; diabetes education and management support; blood glucose monitoring; integrated control targets for type 2 diabetes and treatments for hyperglycaemia; medical nutrition therapy; exercise therapy for type 2 diabetes; smoking cessation; pharmacologic therapy for hyperglycaemia; metabolic surgery for type 2 diabetes; prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes; hypoglycaemia; chronic diabetic complications; special types of diabetes; metabolic syndrome; and diabetes and traditional Chinese medicine.

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Peptide-coated quantum dot-photosensitizer conjugates were developed using novel covalent conjugation strategies on peptides which overcoat quantum dots (QDs). Rose bengal and chlorin e6, photosensitizers (PSs) that generate singlet oxygen in high yield, were covalently attached to phytochelatin-related peptides. The photosensitizer-peptide conjugates were subsequently used to overcoat green- and red-emitting CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystals. Generation of singlet oxygen could be achieved via indirect excitation through Förster (fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the nanocrystals to PSs, or by direct excitation of the PSs. In the latter case, by using two color excitations, the conjugate could be simultaneously used for fluorescence imaging and singlet oxygen generation. Singlet oxygen quantum yields as high as 0.31 were achieved using 532-nm excitation wavelengths.