The wake management of offshore wind farms (OWFs) mainly considers the wake effect. Wake effects commonly occur in offshore wind farms, which cause a 5–10% reduction in power production. Although there have been many studies on wake management, many methods are not accurate enough; for instance, look-up table and static wake model control methods do not consider the time-varying wake state. Dynamic wake management is based on the real-time dynamic wake, so it can increase the energy of the OWFs effectively. For OWFs, dynamic wake control is the main method of dynamic wake management. In this paper, the existing wake model and control progress are discussed, mainly emphasizing the dynamic wake model and the dynamic wake control method, solving the gap of the review for dynamic wake management. This paper presents a digital twins (DT) framework for power and fatigue damage for the first time.. The structure of this paper is as follows: (1) the mechanism of wind farm wake interference is described and then the dynamic wake model is reviewed and summarized; (2) different control methods are analyzed and the dynamic wake management strategies for different control methods are reviewed; (3) in order to solve the problems of dynamic wake detection and real-time effective control, the technology of DT is applied to the dynamic wake control of OWFs. This new DT frame has a promising application prospect in improving power and reducing fatigue damage.

Yaw misalignment can make a wake steer, which is an effective method to increase the power of wind farms but it also increases the fatigue load of the turbines. In this paper, the combination of yaw offset and pitch control (CYMP) is studied to analyse the potential mitigation of wake, focusing on the wind velocity and turbulence of the wake distribution, power increment, and fatigue load reduction. The simulation case study shows that the method of CYMP can reduce the fatigue load by 10.29% and increase the total power by 1.7% compared with only wake steering in FAST.Fram. The Collaborative MPC (CoMPC) method based on CYMP is proposed to the real-time wake control in this research, which can increase power by more than 2% and reduce thrust by more than 4% than greedy control under 10 m/s turbulent wind.

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