Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins C (HnRNP C) is part of the hnRNP family of RNA-binding proteins. The relationship between hnRNP C and cancers has been extensively studied, and dysregulation of hnRNP C has been found in many cancers. According to existing public data, hnRNP C could promote the maturation of new heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNA s, also referred to as pre-mRNAs) into mRNAs and could stabilize mRNAs, controlling their translation. This paper reviews the regulation and dysregulation of hnRNP C in cancers. It interacts with some cancer genes and other biological molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Even directly binds to them. The effects of hnRNP C on biological processes such as alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification differ among cancers. Its main function is regulating stability and level of translation of cancer genes, and the hnRNP C is regarded as a candidate biomarker and might be valuable for prognosis evaluation.

Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs formed by backsplicing during cotranscriptional and posttranscriptional processes, and they widely exist in various organisms. CircRNAs have multiple biological functions and are associated with the occurrence and development of many diseases. While the biogenesis and biological function of circRNAs have been extensively studied, there are few studies on circRNA degradation and only a few pathways for specific circRNA degradation have been identified. Here we outline basic information about circRNAs, summarize the research on the circRNA degradation mechanisms and discusses where this field might head, hoping to provide some inspiration and guidance for scholars who aim to study the degradation of circRNAs.

Background The CELF gene family is a set of highly conserved genes that encode a family of RNA-binding proteins in human tissues and participate in posttranscriptional modifications. The CELF gene family has been reported to be associated with a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer. However, the expression, function and clinical relevance of CELF family members in glioma remain uncertain because of the lack of relevant studies. Materials & methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to determine the prognostic value and immune infiltration associations of CELF gene family members in glioma. Transcription and survival data related to CELF gene family members in glioma patients were obtained from the Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and cBioPortal databases. Results The results revealed that compared to that in normal tissues, the expression of CELF2-6 was notably lower but that of CELF1 was higher in glioma tissues. Survival analysis using the GEPIA database revealed that high transcript levels of CELF1 were associated with unfavourable OS in all patients with LGG. Conversely, high CELF3/4/5 levels predicted favourable OS in these patients. Conclusion This study implied that CELF1/3/4/5 are new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for LGG.