Granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence. Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions, etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology. The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidence-based consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.

Bioinspired nanochannel based biosensors have been widely applied for sensing ions, small molecules, and biomolecules. However, the low selectivity and difficulty in recycle sensing still heavily hamper their widespread applications. Herein, we designed and fabricated a nanochannel based biosensor for high-efficiency bisulfite (HSO3 –) sensing and removal through forming a reversible covalent bond between HSO3 – and 4-aminophenyl-phenyl-methanone (APPM). This nanofluidic biosensor displays a promising HSO3 – selectivity with high ion rectification/gating ratio (47 and 5) and excellent reversibility and stability. Of note, the L02 cell line containing excess HSO3 – could still maintain high vitality in the presence of such an APPM-functionalized biosensor based membrane. These results will not only help to better understand the biological function of HSO3 – in living organisms but also inspire us to develop smart artificial nanochannel based biosensors for biological applications.

Multifunctional probes integrating accurate multidiagnosis and efficient therapy hold great prospects in biomedical research. However, the sophisticated construction and difficulties in matching the ratios of doses and laser triggers of probes for each modal imaging and therapy still hinder the extensive practice of multifunctional probes in biomedicine. We herein rationally designed an organic dye SY1080 with intrinsic multifunction by introducing both 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene (EDOT) and the selenium containing acceptor unit into the backbone to balance the fluorescent brightness and emission wavelength. Under single dose and 808 nm laser irradiation conditions, SY1080 not only carried out NIR-II fluorescence/ photoacoustic imaging of real-time and noninvasive tumor delineation with excellent contrast, but also effectively ablated tumors with laser irradiation to perform photothermal therapy under the guidance of dual-modal imaging. These exciting results highlight SY1080 as a multifunctional and universal phototheranostic platform for potential applications.

Development of a chelator-free and biocompatible platform for the facile construction of gadolinium (Gd)-loaded nanoparticle based probes for in vivo magentic resonance imaging (MRI) is still challenging. Herein, biocompatible Gd-loading melanin dots (Gd-M-dots) have been easily prepared and have exhibited good loading efficiency for Gd, high stability, and higher T relaxivity compared to the commercial Gd-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) agent. Furthermore, Gd-M-dots showed unique photoacoustic (PA) properties, and a high PA imaging signal could be observed in vivo 1 h after injection. Compared to the traditional Gd-loaded nanoparticles for single-modal MRI, Gd-M-dots can also be radiolabeled with Cu for positron emission tomography. Overall, these attractive properties of Gd-M-dots render them a promising imaging agent for various biomedical applications.

Herein, we construct a series of Ru(II) metallacycles with multimodal chemo-phototherapeutic properties, which exhibited much higher anticancer activity and better cancer-cell selectivity than cisplatin. The antitumor mechanism could be ascribed...