Figure 7. a) Schematic illustration of in situ Raman analysis device. b) Voltage-time curves at galvanostatic discharge. c) Raman spectroscopy of the CeO 2 /KB/PP corresponding the voltages. d) A photograph image of illuming LED lights by the coin cells. e) Schematics of the catalytic mechanism of CeO 2 /KB nanostructure. f) Comparison of the cycling performance with various modified separator materials for Li-S batteries.

The synergistic effect of the heterostructures of Y2O3/Co3O4 with adsorption and catalytic properties was used to construct an effective separator mitigation mechanism for the shuttle effect of lithium–sulfur batteries.

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