In an honors course on “Omics Sciences,” draft genome sequences of Chryseobacterium elymi KCTC 22547T, Chryseobacterium flavum KCTC 12877T, Chryseobacterium hispanicum KCTC 22104T, Chryseobacterium lathyri KCTC 22544T, “Candidatus Chryseobacterium massiliae” CCUG 51329T, Chryseobacterium piscium CCUG 51923T, and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae KCTC 22548T were generated to facilitate phylogenomic comparisons within the genus.

Strain 7_F195T was previously isolated from chicken feather waste collected from an abattoir in Bloemfontein, South Africa. A polyphasic approach was followed to determine if strain 7_F195T belongs to the genus Chryseobacterium and if the organism can be classified as a new species. The nearest neighbours, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (indicated in parentheses), were Chryseobacterium flavum KCTC 12877T (98.42 %), Chryseobacterium indologenes LMG 8337T (98.24 %) and Chryseobacterium gleum ATCC 35910T (97.71 %). Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4 796 535 bp and a DNA G+C content of 38.6 mol%. The ANI values of strain 7_F195T compared to C. flavum , C. indologenes and C. gleum were 81.45, 81.86 and 82.38 %, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values for strain 7_F195T with C. flavum , C. indologenes and C. gleum were 23.7, 23.7 and 24.9 %, respectively. Notable phenotypic differences include the presence of urease activity in C. indologenes LMG 8337T and C. gleum NCTC 11432T, but not in strain 7_F195T or C. flavum KCTC 12877T. The predominant fatty acids of strain 7_F195T were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH and the most abundant polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. Menaquinone-6 was the only respiratory quinone. Based on the data generated from this polyphasic study, strain 7_F195T represents a novel Chryseobacterium species for which the name Chryseobacterium pennipullorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 7_F195T (=LMG 30781T=KCTC 62760T).

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-spore-forming, aerobic, yellow-pigmented bacterium was isolated from chicken feather waste collected from an abattoir in Bloemfontein, South Africa. A polyphasic taxonomy study was used to describe and name the bacterial isolate, strain 1_F178T. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and sequence comparison data indicated that strain 1_F178T was a member of the genus Chryseobacterium and was closely related to Chryseobacterium jejuense (99.1%) and Chryseobacterium nakagawai (98.7%). Overall genome similarity metrics (average nucleotide identity, digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity) revealed greatest similarity to the C. jejuense and C. nakagawai type strains but were below the threshold for species delineation. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 6.18 Mbp and a G+C content of 35.6 mol%. The major respiratory quinone and most abundant polar lipid of strain 1_F178T were menaquinone-6 and phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Strain 1_F178T had a typical fatty acid composition for Chryseobacterium species. On the basis of physiological, genotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data, strain 1_F178T constitutes a novel species of Chryseobacterium , for which the name Chryseobacterium pennae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1_F178T (=LMG 30779T=KCTC 62759T).

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