The prevalence of antibiotics in water creates microbial resistance and has a negative impact on the ecosystem. Biomaterials such as spent tea leaves are rich in functional groups and are suitable for chemical modification for diverse applications. This research proposes the use of spent tea leaves of chamomile (CM), green tea (GT), and peppermint (PM) as structural scaffolds for the incorporation of carboxyl, sulfonyl, and thiol groups to improve the adsorption of Penicillin G (Pe). Adsorbents characterization reported a higher number of acidic functional groups, mainly in thiolated products. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed changes on the surfaces of the adsorbents due to reaction conditions, with a stronger effect on thiolated and sulfonated adsorbents. Elemental analysis by Energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometry (EDS) corroborated the chemical modification by the presence of sulfur atoms and the increase in oxygen/carbon ratios. Batch experiments at different pH shows a strong pH-dependence with a high adsorption at pH 8 for all the adsorbents. The adsorption follows the trend CMs > GTs > PMs. Thiolation and sulfonation reported higher adsorptions, which is most likely due to the sulfur bridge formation, reaching adsorption percentages of 25%. These results create a new mindset in the use of spent tea leaves and their chemical modifications for the bioremediation of antibiotics.
Antibióticos y productos farmacéuticos se han convertido en contaminantes emergentes en aguas residuales debido al bajo control de su comercialización y distribución. En este proyecto se propone el uso de materiales de desecho de hojas de té de manzanilla (CM), té verde (GT) y menta (PM) y sus modificaciones químicas: carboxilación, tiolación y sulfonación como adsorbentes de Penicilina G. Las muestras se sometieron a reacciones químicas sostenibles, en medio acuosas y mínimas de reactivos. Los adsorbentes y sus modificaciones fueron caracterizados mediante técnicas instrumentales. Todos los adsorbentes reportaron estabilidad térmica constante y sólo ligeros cambios morfológicos de superficie. Las pruebas de adsorción demostraron una fuerte influencia de la acidez en la eliminación del antibiótico, sobre todo a nivel de la química de los nuevos gruposfuncionales, destacando lasinteracciones dipolo-dipolo. Los porcentajes de adsorción indican que la tiolación y sulfonación fueron las modificaciones químicas más efectivas, sobre todo en la adsorbente CM, alcanzando %ADS de 27 %, dentro del rango de pH 7-8. La tendencia de máxima adsorción de Penicilina G tiene la secuencia: CMs > PMs ≥ GTs, mientras que las modificaciones químicas siguen la tendencia: Sulfonación ≥ Tiolación > Carboxilación.
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