3D printing is used to produce individual objects or to print on different substrates to produce multi-component products. In the textile industry, we encounter various 3D printing technologies in fashion design, functional apparel manufacturing (protective, military, sports, etc.), including wearable electronics, where textile material is functionalized. 3D printing enables the personalization of the product, which in the apparel industry can be transformed into the production of clothing or parts of clothing or custom accessories. Additive technology allows a more rational use of the material than traditional technologies. In the textile industry we meet different uses of it, one is the printing of flexible structures based on rigid materials, another is the printing with flexible materials and the third is the printing directly on textile substrate. All rigid, hard and soft or flexible materials can be integrated into the final design using 3D printing directly on the textile substrate. We speak of so-called multi-material objects and systems, which have many advantages, mainly in the increasing customization and functionalization of textiles or clothing. The article gives a broader overview of 3D printing on textiles and focuses mainly on the influence of different parameters of printing and woven fabric properties on the adhesion of 3D printed objects on the textile substrate. In our research we investigated the influence of twill weave and its derivate as well as different weft densities of the woven fabric on the adhesion of printed objects on textile substrate. Therefore, five samples of twill polyester/cotton fabrics were woven and their physical properties measured for this research. 3D objects were printed on textile substrates using the extrusion based additive manufacturing technique with polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Preliminary tests were carried out to define printing parameters and different methods of attaching the fabric to a printing bed were tested. T - Peel adhesion tests were performed on the Instron dynamometer to measure the adhesion between 3D printed objects and textile substrates.

Microcapsules are used in various fields of application, such as in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, chemical industry, construction industry, food industry, biotechnology, electronics. Fragranced and PCM (phase change materials) microcapsules also found their use in the printing and the textile industries, where they are applied in the combination with the appropriate ink or varnish on the desired substrate material. Microcapsules are applied either by coating or by different printing techniques, which main advantage is the ability to transfer the microcapsules onto desired areas of the substrate material without or with as little damage as possible, thus allowing the deposited microcapsules to fulfil their basic functionality. The aim of this research was to investigate the morphologic characteristics of the fragranced microcapsules and the coated prints using selected varnish and different fragranced microcapsules concentrations, as well as to determine how variable concentrations of the applied microcapsules in the varnish affect the optical characteristics of the coated prints. Performed SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and spectrodensitometric analyses of the coated prints revealed that both the coating process without microcapsules, as well as the different fragranced microcapsules' concentration in the coated water-based varnish, significantly affected both the morphologic and the optical characteristics of the coated prints.

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Producers of bio-based materials are keen on replacing oil-based packaging materials with green, sustainable materials which also have improved mechanical, antimicrobial, barrier properties. One of the most nontoxic and widely used polymers are polysaccharides, chitosan being one of them. This research shows the preparation, characterisation of the chitosan and rice starch films. The aim of the research was to improve the mechanical, moisture and optical properties of chitosan, rice starch and composite chitosan-rice starch film using ultrasonic treatment. Our research was focused on the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the solutions for the preparation of the mentioned films. The results showed that an ultrasonic treatment improved elasticity, moisture resistance and that films were more transparent. Elongation at break and tensile strength increased, especially at blend films. Moreover, moisture content showed a decrease proportional to an increase in thickness with decreasing film solubility at all treated samples. The surface at untreated blend film was more uneven compared to chitosan and rice starch films, which improved after the treatment. However, preparing film solutions with ultrasound is an improved procedure to increase many properties of biodegradable films and in this form could be used as packaging materials.

Expensive synthetic coating materials can be replaced with natural coatings and surface treatment with natural components and additives which are friendlier to the environment and have normally better special surface properties. However, special properties can be obtained with surface functionalization by chemical or surface geometry modification. Beside optical properties, the trends of lightweight materials, i.e. reducing grammage by using nano materials and products (i.e. NMP-N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone), lower specific energy requirement and costs, forces increasing of pigments usage. Results of survey showed that surface properties of papers coated with modified ground calcium carbonate (GCC), required for inkjet printing with water-based inks had improved significantly, whereas the increment of printed object has minimum differentiation from the ideal, computer-based character.