Application of geosynthetic materials is widely spread on the Balkans in the last decade. Applications of these materials are usually related to slope stabilizations, landslides rehabilitation, embankments, improvement of foundation soil etc. Most of the experience for designing and application of geosynthetic materials in Macedonia was gained also in last decade. The ‘Geing Krebs und Kiefer International’ company has contributed significantly in the designing of many structures which involve geosynthetics. This paper presents the most significant structures designed by Geing Krebs und Kiefer which are considered in top projects on such structures in Macedonia. The structures presented in this paper mostly involve geogrids, reinforced soil systems (wire meshes and gabions) and gabions. Special attention is paid to the reinforced soil systems which are commonly used for construction of embankments and rehabilitation of landslides in the projects prepared by Geing Krebs und Kiefer. Design and construction aspects for each structure are presented in this paper.

Evrokod 7 (EK 7) sa injavaju dva dela: u prvom delu obra uju se opšta pravila u geotehni kom dimenzioniranju, dok su u drugom obuhva ena laboratorijska i terenska ispitivanja. Oba sadrže podatke koji su ostavljeni na izbor državama, tzv. Nacionalno odre ene parametre (NOP), iji izbor zavisi od dosadašnjih "lokalnih" prora unskih tradicija, ispitivanja, sigurnosti, trajnosti i ekonomi nosti objekata, kao i od preporu enih vrednosti koje Evropska unija traži da budu primenjene. Osim toga, usled razli itih geoloških, geomehani kih, geografskih, klimatskih i drugih uslova koji su doveli do razvijanja razli itih geotehni kih metoda, modela, istraživanja i drugog na teritoriji Evrope, a koji su usporili razvoj i prihvatanje EK 7, u prvom delu ponu ena su i tri postupka dimenzioniranja geotehni kih konstrukcija. Time je svakoj državi omogu eno da izabere najadekvat

The existing civil engineering standards for designing are to be replaced with a set of Eurocodes. Eurocode 7 is related to a geotechnical design, but its implementation is difficult, due to different geological, geographical and climate conditions which lead to development of different local designing traditions all over Europe. In order to overcome them, Eurocode 7 offers three design approaches and sets of partial factors to be used within. After accepting it, each country has to declare on the selection of design approach according to which designing is going to be performed and to define appropriate partial factors. This paper presents methodology for selection of appropriate design approach for spread foundations in our region where the process of introduction of Eurocodes is still active. The method based on keeping up with the similar designing procedure may also be used for other geotechnical structures.

Asphalt paved roads prematurely exhibit a cracking pattern similar to that in the old underlying pavement. The cracking in the new overlay surface is due to the inability of the overlay to withstand shear and tensile stresses created by movements concentrated around preexisting cracks in the underlying pavement. This movement may be due to traffic loading causing differential deflections at cracks in the underlying pavement layers, expansion or contraction of subgrade soils, expansion or contraction of the pavement itself due to changes in temperature, or combinations of these phenomena. Due to heavy deformation of asphalt paved surface, using European funds, the Government of Macedonia initiated rehabilitation of Corridor X close to the Tetovo section. For the reconstruction of this important section of the motorway, an experimental programme was conducted to determine the effects of geogrid reinforcement on mitigating reflection cracking in asphalt overlays. The objective of this study is to assess the inclusion of geogrid in the pavement cross-section and the accumulation of permanent deformation. The geogrid position, type of existing pavement, temperature, and joint/crack opening were analyzed in three site trial tests. Crack propagation under repeated loading was monitored as well. The results indicate a significant reduction in the rate of crack propagation in reinforced samples compared to unreinforced samples of old asphalt pavement. The presented pavement design procedure could be tailored to the specific needs of the project and implemented in various road rehabilitation projects.

Probably one of the most challenging geotechnical tasks in urban areas is supporting of deep foundation pits. In some regions this task is pretty hard to accomplish due to the limited experience of the contractors in the field of geotechnical structures, the lack of proper construction equipment, specific urban planning etc. Providing sufficient number of parking lots is the most common reason for the construction of underground levels in new buildings. On the other hand, such approach demands capable, experienced contractors and proper geotechnical design. This paper deals with several case studies of structures for retaining of foundation pits. The referred structures are constructed on different sites in the Republic of Macedonia. The depth of the excavation pits varies between 6 m and 10 m, but from design point of view more important is the complexity of the geotechnical conditions. The excavation pits are retained by diaphragm walls, steel struts, anchors and reinforced concrete pile walls.